Fall and Rise: A WW2 ISOT

In terms of talking to the Americans in the next part, after the formal meeting between Ambassador Kennedy and Churchill, there will be a more in depth meeting between a British general and the US defence attaché Brigadier-General Raymond E. Lee to lay some information out in the most direct possible fashion.

www.historynet.com/this-american-military-attache-bet-on-the-british-when-few-would/

There will be an attempt to arrange for a direct mission to see FDR and relevant US officials in DC as soon as can be arranged; there is much that they need to discuss. Think of it as the flip side to some of the US envoys/missions in 1940 and 41 such as Harry Hopkins; along with elements of the Tizard Mission. I say elements, as there is less of a driving need to harness US industrial capacity in the absence of a baleful Nazi threat.

Some points and notes for this and subsequent developments:
- The matter of Ireland will be a confusing one for the Americans
- Cancelling the majority of the aircraft and equipment orders made in the USA (by a different country) would be an inelegant solution, as it would cause some inevitable economic upset; on the other hand, there is no need for 95% of what is on the books
- No Lend Lease, Destroyers for Bases (from @) or Arms for Bases (the DE equivalent from their 1940) or the like will be on the agenda
- By the same token, DE Britain isn’t a super state, is missing its big force multipliers in the form of DE Canada, the Dominions and India, is missing its more developed Empire and everything in space. They will be seeking to increase food and raw material imports, as well as particular manufactured goods, such as machine tools
- DE Britain has plenty to trade/plenty of cards to play
- Coordination of strategy regarding Japan will be a matter of mutual interest, with the US not just told about Pearl Harbor (and shown the detailed reports on it), but given JN-25, JN-40, JN-152 and JN-167, as well as information on the US torpedo issues of the early Pacific War
- Whilst the US Army being outnumbered is not a new paradigm here, given its small interwar size, the USN being qualitatively and quantitatively knocked off its equal top perch will be a disturbing experience, as will the effective economic parity of Britain
- With differing histories, there won’t be the same crossover in particular treaties. There may be scope for “You’re in violation of the Washington Treaty!” “What treaty is that?”
- Tube Alloys, whilst it has lost its facilities in Canada, still has those in Britain, plus all the knowledge, personnel and theory of 1939-1943

Roosevelt, apart from his paralysis that was likely caused by polio, had high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure.

The first, third and fourth conditions can be co-related, typically stemming from smoking, unhealthy diet, diabetes, bad genetics, high cholesterol and a range of other factors. Roosevelt’s chief issue was his lifelong chain smoking, but his paralysis did naturally prevent him being able to take exercise. His diet wasn’t too bad compared to some other presidents.

1943 DE Britain doesn’t yet have knowledge of the connections between smoking and heart health + cancer, nor dramatically different medical advances above the @ 1940s. In terms of magic, there are no wizardly means of healing, as that is more the realm of clerics/priestly magic. The latter have been thin on the ground:

“Take the Church, for example. The last time an ordinary English cleric – not an Archbishop or Pope - was able to heal someone? 1893. The last monk or priest of ours to who could wield anything beyond minor battle spells? The Crimean War.”

“What of you, Flint? You blasted that undead abomination back to the Pit with your crucifix.”

“I…I don’t know what I did there. I swear by the blood of the martyrs, I do not know how I did it. I certainly couldn’t do it again. I don’t know if I want to do it again. Anyway, the last one before me who turned the undead was in 1825! The days when twenty priests and Templars could take on the Aztec Empire are long gone.”

So, theoretically, the Archbishop of Canterbury could very well be able to heal President Roosevelt’s mobility issue, as it were, and probably clear up his heart related issues. Should that occur, he is still a chain smoker, which isn’t good for him.

This does give me a kernel of an idea…








My friends:

At this moment of sadness throughout most of the world, I want to talk with you about a number of subjects that directly affect the future of the United States. We are shocked by the almost incredible eyewitness stories that come to us of what is happening at this moment to the civilian populations of Norway and Holland and Belgium and Luxembourg and France.

I think it is right on this Sabbath evening that I should say a word in behalf of women and children and old men who need help-immediate help in their present distress—help from us across the seas, help from us who are still free to give it.

Tonight over the once peaceful roads of Belgium and France millions are now moving, running from their homes to escape bombs and shells and fire and machine gunning, without shelter, and almost wholly without food. They stumble on, knowing not where the end of the road will be. I speak to you of these people because each one of you that is listening to me tonight has a way of helping them. The American Red Cross, that represents each of us, is rushing food, clothing and medical supplies to these destitute civilian millions. Please, I beg you—please give according to your means to your nearest Red Cross chapter, give as generously as you can. I ask this in the name of our common humanity.

Let us sit down together again, you and I, to consider our own pressing problems that confront us.

There are many among us who in the past closed their eyes to events abroad, because they believed in utter good faith what some of their fellow Americans told them, that what was taking place in Europe was none of our business; that no matter what happened over there, the United States could always pursue its peaceful and unique course in the world.

There are many among us who closed their eyes, from lack of interest or lack of knowledge; honestly and sincerely thinking that the many hundreds of miles of salt water made the American Hemisphere so remote that the people of North and Central and South America could go on living in the midst of their vast resources without reference to, or danger from, other continents of the world.

There are some among us who were persuaded by minority groups that we could maintain our physical safety by retiring within our continental boundaries—the Atlantic on the east, the Pacific on the west, Canada on the north, and Mexico on the south. I illustrated the futility, the impossibility of that idea in my message to the Congress last week. Obviously, a defense policy based on that is merely to invite future attack.

And, finally, there are a few among us who have deliberately and consciously closed their eyes because they were determined to be opposed to their government, its foreign policy and every other policy, to be partisan, and to believe that anything that the Government did was wholly wrong.

To those who have closed their eyes for any of these many reasons, to those who would not admit the possibility of the approaching storm, to all of them the past two weeks have meant the shattering of many illusions.

They have lost the illusion that we are remote and isolated and, therefore, secure against the dangers from which no other land is free.

In some quarters, with this rude awakening has come fear, fear bordering on panic. It is said that we are defenseless. It is whispered by some that only by abandoning our freedom, our ideals, our way of life, can we build our defenses adequately, can we match the strength of the aggressors.

I did not share those illusions. I do not share these fears.

Today we are now more realistic. But let us not be calamity howlers and discount our strength. Let us have done with both fears and illusions. On this Sabbath evening, in our homes in the midst of our American families, let us calmly consider what we have done and what we must do.

In the past two or three weeks all kinds of stories have been handed out to the American public about our lack of preparedness. It has even been charged that the money we have spent on our military and naval forces during the last few years has gone down the rat-hole. I think it is a matter of fairness to the nation that you hear the facts.

Yes we have spent large sums of money on the national defense. This money has been used to make our Army and Navy today the largest, the best equipped, and the best trained peace-time military establishment in the whole history of this country.

Let me tell you just a few of the many things accomplished during the past few years.

I do not propose, I could not to go into every detail. It is a known fact, however, that in 1933, when this Administration came into office, the United States Navy had fallen in standing among the navies of the world, in power of ships and in efficiency, to a relatively low ebb. The relative fighting power of the Navy had been greatly diminished by failure to replace ships and equipment, which had become out-of-date.

But between 1933 and this year, 1940, seven fiscal years-your Government will have spent a billion four hundred eighty-seven million dollars more than it spent on the Navy during the seven years that preceded 1933.

What did we get for this money? Money, incidentally, not included in the new defense appropriations. Only money hither to appropriated.

The fighting personnel of the Navy rose from 79,000 to 145,000.

During this period 215 ships for the fighting fleet have been laid down or commissioned, practically seven times the number in the preceding seven-year period.

Of these 215 ships we have commissioned 12 cruisers; 63 destroyers; 26 submarines; 3 aircraft carriers; 2 gunboats; 7 auxiliaries and many smaller craft. Among the many ships now being built and paid for, as we build them, are 8 new battleships.

Ship construction costs millions of dollars. More in the United States than anywhere else in the world; but it is a fact that we cannot have adequate naval defense for all American waters without ships; ships that sail the surface of the ocean, ships that move under the surface and ships that move through the air. And, speaking of airplanes, airplanes that work with the Navy, in 1933 we had eleven hundred twenty-seven of them. Eleven hundred twenty-seven useful aircraft and today we have twenty-eight hundred and ninety-two on hand and on order. Of course, nearly all of the old planes of 1933 have been replaced by new planes. Of course, they became obsolete or worn out.

Yes, the Navy is far stronger today than at any peace-time period in the whole long history of the Nation. In hitting power and in efficiency, I would even make the assertion that it is stronger today than it was during the World War.

The Army of the United States in 1933 consisted of 122,000 enlisted men. Now, in 1940, that number has been practically doubled. The Army of 1933 had been given few new implements of war since 1919, and had been compelled to draw on old reserve stocks left over from the World War.

The net result of all this was that our Army by 1933 had very greatly declined in its ratio of strength with the armies of Europe and of the Far East.

That was the situation I found. But, since then, great changes have taken place.

Between 1933 and 1940—these past seven fiscal years—your Government will have spent $1,292,000,000 more than it spent on the Army the previous seven years.

What did we get for this money?

The personnel of the Army, as I have said, has been almost doubled. By the end of this year every existing unit of the present regular Army will be equipped with its complete requirements of modern weapons. Existing units of the National Guard will also be largely equipped with similar items.

Here are some striking examples taken from a large number:

Since 1933, we have actually purchased 5,640 airplanes, including the most modern type of long-range bombers and fast pursuit planes, though, of course, many of these which were delivered four, five, six or seven years ago have worn out through use and been scrapped.

These planes cost money—a lot of it. For example, one modern four-engine long-range bombing plane costs $350,000; one modern interceptor pursuit plane costs $133,000; one medium bomber costs $160,000.

In 1933 we had only 355 anti-aircraft guns. We now have more than 1,700 modern anti-aircraft guns of all types on hand or on order. And you ought to know that a three-inch anti-aircraft gun costs $40,000 without the fire control equipment that goes with it.

In 1933 there were only 24 modern infantry mortars in the entire Army. We now have on hand and on order more than 1,600.

In 1933 we had only 48 modern tanks and armored cars; today we have on hand and on order 1,700. Each one of our heavier tanks costs $46,000.

There are many other items in which our progress since 1933 has been rapid. And the great proportion of this advance consists of really modern equipment.

In 1933, on the personnel side we had 1,263 Army pilots. Today the Army alone has more than 3,000 of the best fighting fliers in the world, who last year flew more than one million hours in combat training. That figure does not include the hundreds of splendid pilots in the National Guard and in the organized reserves.

Within the past year the productive .capacity of the aviation industry to produce military planes has been tremendously increased. In the past year the capacity more than doubled, but that capacity is still inadequate. However, the Government, working with industry, is determined to increase that capacity to meet our needs. We intend to harness the efficient machinery of these manufacturers to the Government's program of being able to get 50,000 planes a year.

One additional word about aircraft, about which we read so much. Recent wars, including the current war in Europe, have demonstrated beyond doubt that fighting efficiency depends on unity of command, unity of control.

In sea operations the airplane is just as much an integral part of the unity of operations as the submarine, the destroyer and the battleship; and in land warfare the airplane is just as much a part of military operations as are the tank corps, the engineers, the artillery or the infantry itself. Therefore, the air forces should continue to be part of the Army and Navy.

In line with my request the Congress, this week, is voting the largest appropriation ever asked by the Army or the Navy in peace-time; and the equipment and training provided for them will be in addition to the figures I have given you.

The world situation may so change that it will be necessary to reappraise our program at any time. In such case I am confident that the Congress and the Chief Executive will work in harmony as a team as they are doing today.

I will not hesitate at any moment to ask for additional funds when they are required.

In this era of swift, mechanized warfare, we all have to remember that what is modern today and up-to-date, what is efficient and practical, becomes obsolete and outworn tomorrow.

Even while the production line turns out airplanes, new airplanes are being designed on the drafting table.

Even as a cruiser slides down the launching ways, plans for improvement, plans for increased efficiency in the next model, are taking shape in the blue-prints of designers.

Every day's fighting in Europe, on land, on sea, and in the air, discloses constant changes in methods of warfare. We are constantly improving and redesigning, testing new weapons, learning the lessons of the immediate war, and seeking to produce in accordance with the latest that the brains of science can conceive.

We are calling upon the resources, the efficiency and the ingenuity of the American manufacturers of war material of all kinds-airplanes, tanks, guns, ships, and all the hundreds of products that go into this materiel. The Government of the United States itself manufactures few of the implements of war. Private industry will continue to be the source of most of this materiel; and private industry will have to be speeded up to produce it at the rate and efficiency called for by the needs of the times.

I know that private business cannot be expected to make all of the capital investment required for expansions of plants and factories and personnel which this program calls for at once. It would be unfair to expect industrial corporations or their investors to do this, when there is a chance that a change in international affairs may stop or curtail future orders a year or two hence.

Therefore, the Government of the United States stands ready to advance the necessary money to help provide for the enlargement of factories, the establishment of new plants, the employment of thousands of necessary workers, the development of new sources of supply for the hundreds of raw materials required, the development of quick mass transportation of supplies. The details of all of this are now being worked out in Washington, day and night.

We are calling on men now engaged in private industry to help us in carrying out this program, and you will hear more of this in detail in the next few days.

This does not mean that the men we call upon will be engaged in the actual production of this materiel. That will still have to be carried on in the plants and factories throughout the land. Private industry will have the responsibility of providing the best, speediest and most efficient mass production of which it is capable. The functions of the business men whose assistance we are calling upon will be to coordinate this program-to see to it that all of the plants continue to operate at maximum speed and efficiency.

Patriotic Americans of proven merit and of unquestioned ability in their special fields are coming to Washington to help the Government with their training, their experience and their capability.

It is our purpose not only to speed up production but to increase the total facilities of the nation in such a way that they can be further enlarged to meet emergencies of the future.

But as this program proceeds there are several things we must continue to watch and safeguard, things which are just as important to the sound defense of a nation as physical armament itself. While our Navy and our airplanes and our guns and our ships may be our first lines of defense, it is still clear that way down at the bottom, underlying them all, giving them their strength, sustenance and power, are the spirit and morale of a free people.

For that reason, we must make sure, in all that we do, that there be no breakdown or cancellation of any of the great social gains we have made in these past years. We have carried on an offensive on a broad front against social and economic inequalities and abuses which had made our society weak. That offensive should not now be broken down by the pincers movement of those who would use the present needs of physical military defense to destroy it.

There is nothing in our present emergency to justify making the workers of our nation toil for longer hours than now limited by statute. As more orders come in and as more work has to be done, tens of thousands of people, who are now unemployed, will receive employment.

There is nothing in our present emergency to justify a lowering of the standards of employment. Minimum wages should not be reduced. It is my hope, indeed, that the new speed-up of production will cause many businesses which now pay below the minimum standards to bring their wages up.

There is nothing in our present emergency to justify a breaking down of old age pensions or of unemployment insurance. I would rather see the systems extended to other groups who do not now enjoy them.

There is nothing in our present emergency to justify a retreat from any of our social objectives—from conservation of natural resources, assistance to agriculture, housing, and help to the under-privileged.

Conversely, however, I am sure that responsible leaders will not permit some specialized group, which represents a minority of the total employees of a plant or an industry, to break up the continuity of employment of the majority of the employees. Let us remember that the policy and the laws that provide for collective bargaining are still in force. I can assure you that labor will be adequately represented in Washington in the carrying out of this program of defense.

Also, our present emergency and a common sense of decency make it imperative that no new group of war millionaires shall come into being in this nation as a result of the struggles abroad. The American people will not relish the idea of any American citizen growing rich and fat in an emergency of blood and slaughter and human suffering.

And, last of all, this emergency demands that the consumers of America be protected so that our general cost of living can be maintained at a reasonable level. We ought to avoid the spiral processes of the World War, the rising spiral of costs of all kinds. The soundest policy is for every employer in the country to help give useful employment to the millions who are unemployed. By giving to those millions an increased purchasing power, the prosperity of the whole nation will rise to a much higher level.

Today's threat to our national security is not a matter of military weapons alone. We know of new methods of attack.

The Trojan Horse. The Fifth Column that betrays a nation unprepared for treachery.

Spies, saboteurs and traitors are the actors in this new strategy. With all of these we must and will deal vigorously.

But there is an added technique for weakening a nation at its very roots, for disrupting the entire pattern of life of a people. It is important that we understand it.

The method is simple. It is, first, a dissemination of discord. A group—not too large- a group that may be sectional or racial or political—is encouraged to exploit its prejudices through false slogans and emotional appeals. The aim of those who deliberately egg on these groups is to create confusion of counsel, public indecision, political paralysis and, eventually, a state of panic.

Sound national policies come to be viewed with a new and unreasoning skepticism, not through the wholesome political debates of honest and free men, but through the clever schemes of foreign agents.

As a result of these new techniques, armament programs may be dangerously delayed. Singleness of national purpose may be undermined. Men can lose confidence in each other, and therefore lose confidence in the efficacy of their own united action. Faith and courage can yield to doubt and fear. The unity of the State can be so sapped that its strength is destroyed.

All this is no idle dream. It has happened time after time, in nation after nation, during the last two years. Fortunately, American men and women are not easy dupes. Campaigns of group hatred or class struggle have never made much headway among us, and are not making headway now. But new forces are being unleashed, deliberately planned propagandas to divide and weaken us in the face of danger as other nations have been weakened before.

These dividing forces are undiluted poison. They must not be allowed to spread in the New World as they have in the Old. Our morale and our mental defenses must be raised as never before against those who would cast a smoke screen across our vision.

The development of our defense program makes it essential that each and every one of us, men and women, feel that we have some contribution to make toward the security of our nation.

At this time, when the world—and the world includes our own American Hemisphere—is threatened by forces of destruction, it is my resolve and yours to build up our armed defenses.

We shall build them to whatever heights the future may require.

We shall rebuild them swiftly, as the methods of warfare swiftly change.

For more than three centuries we Americans have been building on this continent a free society, a society in which the promise of the human spirit may find fulfillment. Commingled here are the blood and genius of all the peoples of the world who have sought this promise.

We have built well. We are continuing our efforts to bring the blessings of a free society, of a free and productive economic system, to every family in the land. This is the promise of America.

It is this that we must continue to build—this that we must continue to defend.

It is the task of our generation, yours and mine. But we build and defend not for our generation alone. We defend the foundations laid down by our fathers. We build a life for generations yet unborn. We defend and we build a way of life, not for America alone, but for all mankind. Ours is a high duty, a noble task.

Day and night I pray for the restoration of peace in this mad world of ours. It is not necessary that I, the President, ask the American people to pray in behalf of such a cause—for I know you are praying with me.

I am certain that out of the heart of every man, woman and child in this land, in every waking minute, a supplication goes up to Almighty God; that all of us beg that suffering and starving, that death and destruction may end—and that peace may return to the world. In common affection for all mankind, your prayers join with mine—that God will heal the wounds and the hearts of humanity.

June 16th 1940

"General Lee? They will see you now."

Brigadier-General Raymond E. Lee, the U.S. defense attache to Britain, nodded gratefully and walked into the large oak paneled meeting room where three British officers rose to greet him.

"Good morning, General. I'm Lieutenant-General Herbert Lumsden, Deputy Chief of the Imperial General Staff. This is Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Blagrove, Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (Home) and Air Marshal Sir Albert Ball, Vice Chief of the Imperial Air Staff. In light of the...changed circumstances...and Ambassador Kennedy's unfamiliarity with technical matters and the vagaries of military strategy, the Prime Minister thought it best that we might brief you on some aspects of our position and intentions. There is an intention for a direct personal mission to the President to discuss the war and our strategy for victory, but prior to that, it would be ideal for him to get a clear picture from you."

"Thank you, General. This all sounds good, or as good as it can be in such unique circumstances. This whole situation...has so much to take in. For example, not to put too fine a point on it, Air Marshal, but you're dead."

"Oh dear."

"Since 1917."

"I shall have to let my wife know; hopefully this won't upset her plans too much."

A slight wisp of a titter of laughter circulated among the officers, serving to bridge the gulf between the Britons and the American ever so slightly.

"Very good. To begin with the British, Commonwealth and Imperial Armies, we currently have 162 divisions, made up of 124 infantry, 30 armoured, 5 airborne and 3 cavalry, not counting those formations still training or the two divisions of West Indians, who have reportedly turned up in Ireland. 120 of those are British, 16 Canadian, 10 Polish, 6 Australian, 4 Indian, 4 Gurkha, 3 South African, 2 New Zealand, 1 Rhodesian, 1 Newfoundland and 2 Imperial. As of today, four divisions will be crossing over to Brittany as the first echelon of 80 divisions of the new British Expeditionary Force, the liberation army that will defeat the Germans and free Europe. 22 are assigned to potential deployment to the Mediterranean, Egypt and the Near East, 13 for India and the Far East, as soon as our transportation and shipping capacity can support their movement, whilst an infantry division will take over the occupation of Iceland from the existing understrength 49th and two corps are to be place on standby in case Spain becomes hostile. Finally, 10 divisions have been assigned to the liberation of Norway."

"General Lumsden, you will understand that this is a complete change of fortunes and circumstance from a few days ago, when your army had just been rescued from Dunkirk and the French front collapsed."

"Indeed, General Lee. If you think the situation is a shock for you, believe me when I say that it is equally surprising, if not more so, for us. In any event, those are our available forces. On top of them, we have a dozen more that will be ready from the 1942 mobilisation wave by November and a further eight divisions still in training from this year's tranche."

"Does the entry of the Italians into the war affect this?"

"We bombed Italy overnight, didn't we, Albert?"

"Rome, Turin, Milan, Genoa and Naples, all hit by Windsors and Yorks. 224 aircraft all up; Harris was a bit more occupied with Whirlwind over Berlin."

"Rather. Suffice it to say, General Lee, that from our perspective, the participation of Italy is no great threat or cause of fear. Over our last three years of war against them, we've flogged them from pillar to post, smashing their fleet, kicking them out of East Africa, North Africa and Sicily, invading Italy itself and forcing them to sign an armistice. Field Marshal Alexander's forces were on the Garigliano and a new landing at Anzio to take Rome was due for the end of the month. The Italian soldier is brave, but poorly armed and wretched; their cavalry some of the noblest in Europe, but the worst led. The Germans are a different matter, but we don't fight them man to man, but man to machine.

"As you can see from these figures," said Lumsden as he passed over a typed report "we currently deploy 29,387 tanks in our first line field formations - 12564 Crusader and 5296 Sherman mediums and 3287 Cavalier and 824 Stuart lights in the armoured divisions and independent regiments; 6546 Churchill heavy tanks in the 36 Army Tank Brigades assigned to corps and other independent formations; and 642 Cromwell, 172 Lee and 56 Dreadnought superheavies at army level. Our plans to complete the process of attaching a regiment of Crusaders or Shermans to each British infantry division have been suspended in light of the interruption to supply from Canadian production and your own plants in the United States. The Royal Artillery has 16,289 25pdr field guns, 6432 6", 1924 8" and 762 9.2" howitzers, 2596 Catapult rocket launchers, 9452 17pdr anti-tank guns and 5236 3.75" mobile anti-aircraft guns in field army formations, whilst the infantry has over 20,000 armoured carriers, most equipped with their own machine guns. Our photographic surveys of German equipment and operational reports from French and New British personnel in France are still being assembled, but the immediate indication is that we have them outnumbered and outgunned in most categories of weapon."

"The Shermans, Stuarts and Lees are American?"

"From our former America, as it were. None of them are in existence in your America. Yet. We don't require any augmentation insofar as tanks as concerned from your current US Army stocks or production, either of your M2 Light Tanks or the M2 Mediums. None of your current or projected artillery pieces are necessary or compatible with our artillery park and ammunition production, including the delivery of 75mm guns noted on Page 4; subject to your government's approval, we will be seeking to transfer them directly to the French. The rifles, machine guns, mortars and ammunition will similarly be used to re-equip the French, but the scale of that task is yet to be fully established."

"You seem to be extremely confident, General, to discard the strength of American production so. Do you think you can stop the Germans?"

"Stop them, break them and defeat them. If it were our Germans, then it would be a completely different story, but the combination of three years of experience and three years of better weapons development changes the odds somewhat. Our indications are that they have fewer tanks and their logistics are still mainly horse based. We aren't planning on fighting simply on an even basis on land, either. Air Marshal?"

"Thank you, General. Put simply, our confidence comes from our advantage in airpower. In fighters, we outnumber them over 10 to 1, with over 12,500 to their 1200. In bombers, we have 9500 to their 1300, with over 5000 of ours being four engined heavy bombers. We additionally outclass all of their frontline aircraft in performance, armament and range based on our engagements thus far. They have absolutely no answer to our 470 jet fighters, which have top speeds of over 650 miles an hour. Operating from Southern England, our main fighters and fighter-bombers have a radius of action of 250 miles, covering Northern France, the Low Countries and Western Germany almost to the Rhine; when we are flying out of Brittany, Normandy and Aquitaine, we can cover even more."

"You plan to overwhelm the Luftwaffe with sheer numbers?"

"Numbers, quality and science. We have superior RDF to the Germans, ranging out to 150 miles beyond our shores from the ground based stations and considerably more by our airborne capacity and we have better weapons to strike at their armies on the ground. We are building more than Germany and more than the United States, at least for the moment in your case. As in the case of the Army, we don't require American aircraft with anywhere the same alacrity as with the case of your Old Britain. The orders for the Douglas DB-7s and the Lockheed and North American fighters are no longer necessary, whilst the Harvard and Hudson trainer orders will be maintained."

"There will be some interest from the United States in some of your aircraft and engine designs."

"I am sure that such discussions can be entertained by others at the appropriate juncture in the fullness of time, General. The Admiralty would also be involved in them, naturally. Vice Admiral?"

"Certainly. In terms of our capacity at sea with the Royal and Commonwealth Navies, we have a total of 26 fleet and 16 light aircraft carriers, 52 escort carriers, 51 battleships, 11 battlecruisers, 180 cruisers, 526 modern destroyers and 178 from the Great War, 204 escort destroyers, 504 frigates, 351 corvettes, 142 sloops and 219 submarines. We've listed the general specifications of each class on Pages 6 through 19. These numbers exclude the 'Old British' RN, naturally. On these figures alone, it is hoped that your government will understand that previous discussions regarding the transfer of old United States Navy destroyers are simply no longer required."

"Those numbers are gargantuan."

"They do seem that way, but comprise our global strength, Empire construction and our position four years into a world wide war. We had been fighting the Japanese for almost two years as well the current German and Italian enemy and our most modern and powerful ships are concentrated in the Grand Fleet which is currently making its way back to European waters. Once it arrives, the Regia Marina will have a rather short and eventful existence; it brings with it over 3000 modern carrier aircraft. Similarly, the threat offered by the Germans is not particularly egregious at this time, neither above nor below the waves."

The chair is implied in the first sentence. It is a lengthy meeting with examination of written material.

That is what makes the strong drink so out of place and strange as an observation. This is in the morning of 16/6/40 and all men are on duty with plenty to do that requires their full attention. This isn’t an off the record meeting, but an official briefing.

He is and effectively they do not, at least compared to the @ position. They aren't a superstate and still need to buy food, raw materials and other bits and pieces, as well as make up for lost trade links, but they aren't lining up asking for every tank, gun and plane America can build.