DMZ
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Post by DMZ on Aug 4, 2023 21:27:18 GMT
Sweden's ConcernJuly - Following the mining of Luleå by the British and the repeated airspace violations by German bombers, Swedish government and high command fear an extension of the conflict.
With the rising of tensions in the late 1930's and the outbreak of the war, an ambitious plan to upgrade the defense had been launched, especially in the air with the decision to expand the number of squadrons from five to seven and to build new airfield, training schools and so on. In autumn 1938, the Royal Swedish Air Force Administration conducted a survey to inventory suitable areas for the construction of airfields. The results of which were presented in March 1939. Out of 180 sites identified, 95 were costed and 40 were proposed for a first phase, 20 of which authorised for construction.
The ongoing work was accelerated in the North to deny intrusions onto the Swedish border in the vicinity of the ongoing fight and in the South to protect Stockholm and malor cities from surprise attack. In the northern counties (Norrbottens, Västerbottens and Jämtlands) special attention was paid to the places closest to the border: airfield construction on Kalixfors (near kiruna) and Hemavan (facing Hattfjelldal) are speeded up and two squadrons are located there and an other one in Östersund at the latitude of Trondheim.
Despite flying obsolete Gladiators and and barely more modern Seversky P-35, fierce fightings, similar to those in Switzerland, toke place between Luftwaffe and Flygvapnet (Swedish Air Force) until Göring forbad such violations but not before formal protests and veiled threats had been sent from Berlin without diminushing Swedish determination. Having ordered Vultee V-48V Vanguard (to be known later as P-66) to be delivered late 1941, Swedes realized that they need as soon as possible a transitional fighter. As neither Britain nor Germany accepted to sold modern fighters and more than 200 Curtiss H-75 (P-36) ordered by France was available or close to be, Swedes decide to chose this model to speed up the renewal of their air fleet.
In parallèle, the Army continued its developpment from 21 infantry regiments in five army divisions to 33 infantry regiments and 2 armored regiments in eight, then ten army divisions, and studies are launched to complement Landsverk L-10 and Landsverk L-60 light tanks in armored units with a more capable medium tank, the Stridsvagn m/42.
But the most intense discussions in the high spheres focused on the position to adopt towards Norway. The refusal to allow King Haakon VII to transit when he fled in the face of the German invasion has left tensions between the two countries, and King Gustaf V had sympathies for the Nazis. But Social Democrat Prime Minister Per Albin Hansson, although advocating strict neutrality, was well aware that the defeat of Norway would totaly isolate Sweden and left it at the mercy of Germany, which would be unable to supply the essential fertilisers and fuels the country needed.
The solution lay in a position similar to that of Switzerland: Sweden would continue to trade with all foreign countries, belligerent or not. This, incidentally, would allow them to officially supply their unfortunate neighbour with the Bofors 40 L/60 anti-aircraft guns they had been desesperately hoping for, as they did for Finland during the Winter War. The British were not happy about this compromise, which meant that Germany could continue to receive iron ore, but they could console themselves with the fact that Sweden and Finland remained out of Berlin's clutches. On top of that, United Kingdom would continue to have acces to Swedish military production, espacially AA guns.
With the fall of Narvik to Allies, Germans no longer used Swedish railways to supply Dietl to the great relief of Stockolm who knew that those "medical" trains was fraudylently transporting troops, artillery and ammunition. On the other side, Swedes still allowed Germans to use their telephone and telegraphe lines, as Swedish mathematician Arne Beurling succeeded in deciphering their messages, giving valuable informations on the Berlin intentions and strategy.
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575
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Post by 575 on Aug 5, 2023 6:52:45 GMT
Sweden's ConcernJuly - Following the mining of Luleå by the British and the repeated airspace violations by German bombers, Swedish government and high command fear an extension of the conflict.
With the rising of tensions in the late 1930's and the outbreak of the war, an ambitious plan to upgrade the defense had been launched, especially in the air with the decision to expand the number of squadrons from five to seven and to build new airfield, training schools and so on. In autumn 1938, the Royal Swedish Air Force Administration conducted a survey to inventory suitable areas for the construction of airfields. The results of which were presented in March 1939. Out of 180 sites identified, 95 were costed and 40 were proposed for a first phase, 20 of which authorised for construction.
The ongoing work was accelerated in the North to deny intrusions onto the Swedish border in the vicinity of the ongoing fight and in the South to protect Stockholm and malor cities from surprise attack. In the northern counties (Norrbottens, Västerbottens and Jämtlands) special attention was paid to the places closest to the border: airfield construction on Kalixfors (near kiruna) and Hemavan (facing Hattfjelldal) are speeded up and two squadrons are located there and an other one in Östersund at the latitude of Trondheim.
Despite flying obsolete Gladiators and and barely more modern Seversky P-35, fierce fightings, similar to those in Switzerland, toke place between Luftwaffe and Flygvapnet (Swedish Air Force) until Göring forbad such violations but not before formal protests and veiled threats had been sent from Berlin without diminushing Swedish determination. Having ordered Vultee V-48V Vanguard (to be known later as P-66) to be delivered late 1941, Swedes realized that they need as soon as possible a transitional fighter. As neither Britain nor Germany accepted to sold modern fighters and more than 200 Curtiss H-75 (P-36) ordered by France was available or close to be, Swedes decide to chose this model to speed up the renewal of their air fleet.
In parallèle, the Army continued its developpment from 21 infantry regiments in five army divisions to 33 infantry regiments and 2 armored regiments in eight, then ten army divisions, and studies are launched to complement Landsverk L-10 and Landsverk L-60 light tanks in armored units with a more capable medium tank, the Stridsvagn m/42.
But the most intense discussions in the high spheres focused on the position to adopt towards Norway. The refusal to allow King Haakon VII to transit when he fled in the face of the German invasion has left tensions between the two countries, and King Gustaf V had sympathies for the Nazis. But Social Democrat Prime Minister Per Albin Hansson, although advocating strict neutrality, was well aware that the defeat of Norway would totaly isolate Sweden and left it at the mercy of Germany, which would be unable to supply the essential fertilisers and fuels the country needed.
The solution lay in a position similar to that of Switzerland: Sweden would continue to trade with all foreign countries, belligerent or not. This, incidentally, would allow them to officially supply their unfortunate neighbour with the Bofors 40 L/60 anti-aircraft guns they had been desesperately hoping for, as they did for Finland during the Winter War. The British were not happy about this compromise, which meant that Germany could continue to receive iron ore, but they could console themselves with the fact that Sweden and Finland remained out of Berlin's clutches. On top of that, United Kingdom would continue to have acces to Swedish military production, espacially AA guns.
With the fall of Narvik to Allies, Germans no longer used Swedish railways to supply Dietl to the great relief of Stockolm who knew that those "medical" trains was fraudylently transporting troops, artillery and ammunition. On the other side, Swedes still allowed Germans to use their telephone and telegraphe lines, as Swedish mathematician Arne Beurling succeeded in deciphering their messages, giving valuable informations on the Berlin intentions and strategy. A more bellingerent position is to be expected by Sweden as curtailing the "medical" train transports to Diethl which might not have needed the mining of Luleå port to bring the message home. The Swedes had been buying some British aircraft during the inter-war years which only the outbreak of war ended that source and did again post-war.
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DMZ
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Post by DMZ on Aug 5, 2023 7:28:09 GMT
Maps of the existing, under construction and projected airfields in Northern Norway and Northern Sweden as of July 1940
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DMZ
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Post by DMZ on Aug 5, 2023 7:53:43 GMT
A more bellingerent position is to be expected by Sweden as curtailing the "medical" train transports to Diethl which might not have needed the mining of Luleå port to bring the message home. The Swedes had been buying some British aircraft during the inter-war years which only the outbreak of war ended that source and did again post-war. IOTL, four sanitary trains were sent to Dietl before he surrendered without opposition from Swedes although they knew the reality of the load. It was before this uchrony's POD. No reason to have any change here. Still IOTL, Norway Sweden ordered 120 Seversky P-35s (60 ordered in January 1940 not yet delivered in June) and 144 Vultee V-48C (none delivered) to United States. The easiest way is to continue with this provider as long as the logistical route remains open and the USA doesn't embargo military equipment to neutrals, that they have no reason to do at this stage of the war. I found that Norway Sweden tried to buy Spitfires or Messerschmitt 109 but was denied to do so by both countries, not sure of this information and don't know at what time it occured. It seems a few Spitfires have been given to Swedes in exchange of the debris of the V2 crashing in Southern Sweden in June 1944.
Edit: Ooops! Sweden, not Norway, of course...
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575
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Post by 575 on Aug 5, 2023 8:18:07 GMT
A more bellingerent position is to be expected by Sweden as curtailing the "medical" train transports to Diethl which might not have needed the mining of Luleå port to bring the message home. The Swedes had been buying some British aircraft during the inter-war years which only the outbreak of war ended that source and did again post-war. IOTL, four sanitary trains were sent to Dietl before he surrendered without opposition from Swedes although they knew the reality of the load. It was before this uchrony's POD. No reason to have any change here. Still IOTL, Norway ordered 120 Seversky P-35s (60 ordered in January 1940 not yet delivered in June) and 144 Vultee V-48C (none delivered) to United States. The easiest way is to continue with this provider as long as the logistical route remains open and the USA doesn't embargo military equipment to neutrals, that they have no reason to do at this stage of the war. I found that Norway tried to buy Spitfires or Messerschmitt 109 but was denied to do so by both countries, not sure of this information and don't know at what time it occured. It seems a few Spitfires have been given to Swedes in exchange of the debris of the V2 crashing in Southern Sweden in June 1944. Know about the those trains but there were more following including for building up for Barbarossa in Finland.
It was the Swedes ordering Seversky and Vultee a/c.
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DMZ
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Post by DMZ on Aug 5, 2023 9:33:42 GMT
Know about the those trains but there were more following including for building up for Barbarossa in Finland. Barbarossa is far away and we'll see how Finland will react. We don't even know at this stage if Germany will invade Sweden or not . But if link with Western power remains open, no need for Finland to ask German help, so it's unlikely Finland will be embarked in Soviet Union attack in this case. Otherwise... Edit: The German reinforcement trains in Sweden before Barbarossa was for Narvik to avoid the risky Nowegian Sea. With Narvik in Allies' hands, no longer any traffic to Narvik through Kiruna.
It was the Swedes ordering Seversky and Vultee a/c. Of course! Thanks a lot.
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DMZ
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Post by DMZ on Aug 5, 2023 17:45:21 GMT
The Race for AirfieldsJuly - Like Swedes, both Germans and Norwegians understood the key was airfields near the front line to support operations and harrass ennemy logistics. With the help of British, Bodø airstrip is rebuild and the British 6th Anti-Aircraft Brigade is reinforced. One RNoAAF Gladiator squadron is based there mid-July. Two other airfields are constructed in Nordbotn, east of Tromsø, to protect the then Nowegian capital, and in Andenes, on Andøya island, north of Harstad, to benefit from different weather conditions than in Bardufoss. Curtiss P-36 are now arriving, conveyed by HMS Glorious, to be based in Kirkeness before being reassigned to other airfields when pilots' training on this new aircraft will be completed. Germans was rushing in expanding Hattfjelldal and building two more airfields in Bjerka, 50 km north, and in Lønselva, in the bank of the Saltdal River, on the Arctic Circle, 55 kilometers south of Rognan. None of these works escape the watchfull eye of the opponent and numerous bomber missions are scheduled on each side to stop any advance. Damages are inflicted, at the cost of lots of planes destroyed by AA guns or ennemy fighters, but didn't prevent the adversaries to base some fighters near the battle front, not before end of July for Germans. But there was a weakness in the northern German airfields: there was no road to connect them to the South, logistics had to pass through the fjords from Elsfjorden to Bjerka or to Mo i Rana and then to Lønselva. Allies launch a big operation to mine the Ranfjord from its mouth to its ends and to destroy as much as possible boats and trucks are targeted from Mo i Rana to the Arctic Circle. The Luftwaffe replies in intensifying its bombing and mining the narrow channels used by Novegian trawlers and coasters but had to resupply advanced fields by air using Junker Ju-52, an easy prey for the Hurricanes. Lønselva soon had to be temporarly abandonned after several Ju-52s was destroyed on the ground. The escalation continues with the recursive bombing of Værnes from Shetland by Wellingtons and Whitleys and the conter-attack on Shetland by Heinkel He-111 from Bergen and Ålesund... The Chain Home allows British to intercept German raids long before reaching the islands but Bomber Command is also suffering a lot. The situation is a little bit better for the Luftwaffe as it's easier to recomlete units as far as Hattfjelldal than to Allies to send new planes in the Northern Norway. Fortunatly, the range of Bleinhelms was sufficient to fly directly from Faroes islands to Bardufoss but the fighters have to be transported by carriers. On the other side, daylight is still longer for Allies and allows them to fly longer and reduce the risk of accident on night landing. Moreover, the radar coverage began to be efficient over the sea and the advanced warning given is highly valuable. Hearing the radioed air control as in Dunkirk, Germans understood the role of radio detection and decided to destroy all the stations. At a great cost, they succeded but new equipment was already shipped and soon installed and Bawdsey Manor suggested to install dummy transmitters in various places to lure Germans who quickly gave up.
A special operation, code name Reindeer, was launched with elements of the 1st Independant Company and Norwegian volonteers. Starting from the south of Saltstaumen fjord, they travelled by night or under the cover of arctic forest, crossing the Svartisen mountain, to reach Bjerka after a 20 days trip. After sabotaging the planes and installations on 5 September, they escaped eastward to Sweden but 10 men was killed or captured before reaching the border, the others being interned.
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575
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There is no Purgatory for warcriminals - they go directly to Hell!
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Post by 575 on Aug 5, 2023 18:27:55 GMT
The Race for AirfieldsJuly - Like Swedes, both Germans and Norwegians understood the key was airfields near the front line to support operations and harrass ennemy logistics. With the help of British, Bodø airstrip is rebuild and the British 6th Anti-Aircraft Brigade is reinforced. One RNoAAF Gladiator squadron is based there mid-July. Two other airfields are constructed in Nordbotn, east of Tromsø, to protect the then Nowegian capital, and in Andenes, on Andøya island, north of Harstad, to benefit from different weather conditions than in Bardufoss. Curtiss P-36 are now arriving, conveyed by HMS Glorious, to be based in Kirkeness before being reassigned to other airfields when pilots' training on this new aircraft will be completed. Germans was rushing in expanding Hattfjelldal and building two more airfields in Bjerka, 50 km north, and in Lønselva, in the bank of the Saltdal River, on the Arctic Circle, 55 kilometers south of Rognan. None of these works escape the watchfull eye of the opponent and numerous bomber missions are scheduled on each side to stop any advance. Damages are inflicted, at the cost of lots of planes destroyed by AA guns or ennemy fighters, but didn't prevent the adversaries to base some fighters near the battle front, not before end of July for Germans. But there was a weakness in the northern German airfields: there was no road to connect them to the South, logistics had to pass through the fjords from Elsfjorden to Bjerka or to Mo i Rana and then to Lønselva. Allies launch a big operation to mine the Ranfjord from its mouth to its ends and to destroy as much as possible boats and trucks are targeted from Mo i Rana to the Arctic Circle. The Luftwaffe replies in intensifying its bombing and mining the narrow channels used by Novegian trawlers and coasters but had to resupply advanced fields by air using Junker Ju-52, an easy prey for the Hurricanes. Lønselva soon had to be temporarly abandonned after several Ju-52s was destroyed on the ground. The escalation continues with the recursive bombing of Værnes from Shetland by Wellingtons and Whitleys and the conter-attack on Shetland by Heinkel He-111 from Bergen and Ålesund... The Chain Home allows British to intercept German raids long before reaching the islands but Bomber Command is also suffering a lot. The situation is a little bit better for the Luftwaffe as it's easier to recomlete units as far as Hattfjelldal than to Allies to send new planes in the Northern Norway. Fortunatly, the range of Bleinhelms was sufficient to fly directly from Faroes islands to Bardufoss but the fighters have to be transported by carriers. On the other side, daylight is still longer for Allies and allows them to fly longer and reduce the risk of accident on night landing. Moreover, the radar coverage began to be efficient over the sea and the advanced warning given is highly valuable. Hearing the radioed air control as in Dunkirk, Germans understood the role of radio detection and decided to destroy all the stations. At a great cost, they succeded but new equipment was already shipped and soon installed and Bawdsey Manor suggested to install dummy transmitters in various places to lure Germans who quickly gave up.
A special operation, code name Reindeer, was launched with elements of the 1st Independant Company and Norwegian volonteers. Starting from the south of Saltstaumen fjord, they travelled by night or under the cover of arctic forest, crossing the Svartisen mountain, to reach Bjerka after a 20 days trip. After sabotaging the planes and installations on 5 September, they escaped eastward to Sweden but 10 men was killed or captured before reaching the border, the others being interned.
More Arctic SAS operations?
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DMZ
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Post by DMZ on Feb 13, 2024 9:04:05 GMT
The TippingJuly 1st - The announcement of De Gaulle travel to Tromsø didn't make an impression only in Norway. Throughout the Empire, informed people were closely following the developpment in the fareway lands, and the departure of the Poles to Palestine did not leave General Mittlehauser unaffected who, in turn, declares refusing an armistice contrary of the honnor of France, whose soldiers continue to fight in the snow of Bodø, he cannot do less in the sands of the Levant. He follows the tinny Domaine de Saint-Hélène from where the Curator, Georges Colin, has taken the plunge as soon as June 23rd. July 2nd - Paul Legentilhomme in Djibouti and Georges Catroux in Indochina make similar declaration. They are all three revocated by Vichy but it make no difference for the two first who continue to put in defensive position their respective territory in conjucotion with the British neighbours. Catroux, however, has to deal with local establishment who stand up for a compromise with Axis by fear of the Japanese or by ideological conviction. July 3rd - The Fleet attack in Mer-el-Kebir is a massive blow for Free France that tempers the secession's will in French Occidental Africa (AOF) and French Equatorial Africa (AEF) where Léon Cayla in Dakar, Robert Brunot in Cameroun, Georges Pierre Masson in Gabon, Félix Éboué in Tchad were preparing to do the same. The presence of some major units of Marine Nationale in Dakar drowns definitively the hopes of the Gaullistes but Brunot, Masson and Éboué nontheless annonce they are joining the General De Gaulle. In Libreville, the population and, moreover, the elites are reluctant and a confrontation is brewing in Gabon. July 4th - Henri Sautot starts Pacific Territories rallying to Free France with New Hebrides. Polynesia will follow up on 8th and New Caledonia on 20th. July 5th - Masson has to deal with the Vichists and declares that the future of the colony is still to be determined. Louis Bonvin announces the French Settelments in India are joining. July 14th - After a nine days journey onto the destroyer Le Triomphant, escorted by her sister ships L'Indomptable and Le Malin along with the aviso Savorgnan-de-Brazza, De Gaulle lands in Douala in Cameroun where the "Conseil de défense de l'Empire" is proclaimed in the "Douala Manifesto". He begins a round trip by plane in French Equatorial Africa. In each visit, the crowd, carrefully heated up by local Gaullists, make him a triumph. The last étape is the most challenging and it's one more time on Le Triomphant he enters on July 22nd in Libreville which in turn tipped over. AEF is fully under control but, in AOF, Boisson remains faithful to Marshal Petain. July 15th - Marcel de Coppet on his turn declares Madagascar will continue the fight. He also faces opposition from the rich people. July 23rd - L'Indomptable and Le Malin turn back to England. August 6th - De Gaulle arrives in Diego Suarez and Madagascar definitely choose Free France along with La Réunion. The General will continue his tour to visit all rallyed territories in Indian Ocean and Pacific, making the reluctant Wallis et Futuna falling into his hands. He disembarks in San Fransisco on October 19th after a stopover in Honolulu. Le Triomphant and the Savorgnan-de-Brazza are entering careening. Le Triomphant will come back in Europe through Panama Canal, the later going back to Indochina.
Empire's Tour
5 juillet - Cardiff 14 juillet - Douala : 3.600 nautiques => 8,5 jours (18 nœuds) avion > Fort Lamy (N'Djaména) - Bangui - Doula 21 juillet - Douala 22 juillet - Libreville : 230 nautiques => 0,5 jours 25 juillet - Libreville 30 juillet - Le Cap : 2.160 nautiques => 5 jours 1er août - Le Cap 6 août - Diego-Suarez : 2.500 nautiques => 6 jours avion > Tananarive - Diego-Suarez 11 août - Diego-Suarez 13 août - La Réunion : 600 nautiques => 1,5 jour 15 août - La Réunion 21 août - Pondichéry : 2.450 nautiques => 6 jours 23 août - Pondichéry 27 août - Singapour : 1.600 nautiques => 4 jours 29 août - Singapour 1er septembre - Haïphong : 1.300 nautiques => 3 jours 5 septembre - Haïphong 11 septembre - Perth : 2.250 nautiques => 5,5 jours 12 septembre - Perth 17 septembre - Sidney : 2.180 nautiques => 5 jours 22 septembre - Sidney 25 septembre - Nouméa : 1.050 nautiques => 2,5 jours 27 septembre - Nouméa 30 septembre - Futuna : 1.000 nautiques => 2,5 jours 30 septembre - Wallis : 130 nautiques => 0,3 jour 1er octobre - Wallis 5 octobre - Papeete : 1.560 nautiques => 4 jours 7 octobre - Papeete 11 octobre - Honolulu : 2.400 nautiques => 5,5 jours 13 octobre - Honolulu 19 octobre - Los Angeles : 2.250 nautiques => 5,5 jours
OTL Territories RallyingRallying:Colin - Domaine de Saint-Hélène - 23 juin Sautot - Nouvelles Hébrides - 18 juillet Éboué - Tchad - 26 août Brunot - Cameroun - 27 août colonel de Larminat - Moyen Congo - 29 août Saint-Marth - Oubangui-chari - 30 août Établissements français d'Océanie (Polynésie) - 2 septembre Bonvin - Établissements français dans l'Inde - 9 septembre Nouvelle Calédonie - 24 septembre Conquered:Dakar (failure) - 23 - 25 septembre Gabon - 27 septembre - 12 octobre Pro-De Gaulle Gouvernors removed - (recall or replacement date):général Catroux - Indochine - 25 juin - 10 juillet général Legentilhomme - Djibouti - 23 juillet Coppet - Madagascar - 25 novembre Gouvernors having tried to continue the fight without success:Puaux - Mittelhauser - Levant Masson - Gabon Cayla - AOF - Signs, before June 25, a poster inviting the population to follow one goal: Victory on Germany. But stays on Vichy side after Armistice. Moved to Madagascar as Gaullist and then replaced again.
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stevep
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Post by stevep on Feb 13, 2024 15:35:27 GMT
Well that's a pretty big swing. If I read it correctly then pretty much everywhere other than FNA is in the hands of De Gaulle and his supporters? There could be problems here concerning the Japanese reaction to FIC being in Free French [FF] hands. Could they seek to aid Thailand's claims as OTL. More broadly in there is a war with the allies over the colony could Japan decided on a purely limited war without attacks on US targets?
The other thing that comes to mind is how does the decision of Djibouti affect the operations that OTL August 1940 saw the Italian occupation of British Somaliland? I did read once that the latter was considered indefensible because because plans have included co-operation with the French in Djibouti so their decision to support the alliance could affect things dramatically. The Italians have pretty large forces in Italian E Africa albeit their quality is limited, but whether the two colonies could hold out until aid arrives, probably from India? If so how much would that detract, at least in the short term from Indian forces aiding the defence of Egypt?
Overall the defection from Vichy of so much of the French empire is a big boost to the allies in terms of resources and bases. How much use they can make of them remains to be seen and how this affects the viewpoint of especially the US and Japan are also factors.
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DMZ
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Post by DMZ on Feb 13, 2024 16:20:24 GMT
Well that's a pretty big swing. If I read it correctly then pretty much everywhere other than FNA is in the hands of De Gaulle and his supporters? Everywhere but FNA and French West Africa. Quite a big nut here too. All your questions are very pertinent and I don't have all the answers yet. We'll see.
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DMZ
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Post by DMZ on Feb 14, 2024 7:47:30 GMT
The Non Battle of Cape Matapan
Strange things sometime happen during a war that nobody could have foreseen, as the Cape Matapan encounter.
July - The convoy transporting the Polish soldiers of Carpathian Rifle Brigade from Levant to Gibraltar slowly hastening in Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its neutral status, at least toward Italy not formaly at war with Norway nor Poland, gives it a kind of immunity as long as no German plane or submarine is encountered. But who knows... These countries dispached their destroyers HNoMS Sleipner, ORP Błyskawica and ORP Burza to escort Polish and Norwegian liners and cargo ships in order not to provoque the Regia Marina while dissuading it to attack unarmed vessels. A kind of tension is neverthless perceivable as the little fleet came along the Crete coast, the tinny escort being definitively not strong enought to reppel Italian cruisers or battleships should they have the idea to fight. The intermittent presence ot a Short Sunderland from Alexandria give some appeasement to the souls.
Apprehension and watch increase when cape Krios, South-West of the minoan island, is rounded. It was not in vain as, few hours later, a seaplane wearing the fasci littori is spotted over the convoy. The alarm goes off and the destroyers go to the front. The Sunderland present at this very moment send a repport on the incident to Alexandria and Admiral Cunningham dispach HMS Warspit and HMS Valiant as a matter of reinforcement. While these men of war are sailing to reach the convoy, Polish and Nowegians see two Italian destroyers, Emanuele Pessagno and Nicoloso da Recco, coming at gun range but without agressive move. Sleipner and Błyskawica stand in the way and everybody are staring in each other's eyes.
Emerging from opposite sides of the horizon at the same time are the Italian fleet leaded by the heavy cruisers Zara, Pola and Fiume, accompanied by four other destroyers, and the Warspit and Valiant with their own four destroyers. Everyone accelerate at full speed but without opening fire, hindered by merchant ships and under instruction restricting their action: Italians having only mission to examine cargo of passing vessels and British prohibited from putting at risk the Poles in starting combat at proximity. After a half-volte worthy of Vienna or Saumur equestrian schools, Italians disengage and disapeare behind the horizon, taking advantage of their superior speed to deny British to have the opportunity to open fire. "Hurrays" are shouted from every decks and the British men of war, after having accompagnied Nowegians and Poles for a short time, come back to Alexadria while planes from Matla take over.
The rest of the journey along the Tunisian, Algerian and Moroccan coasts was without any noticeable incident, Vichy planes being satisfied by spotting these ships from place to place, staying at safe distance.
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DMZ
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Post by DMZ on Feb 15, 2024 9:19:10 GMT
Wear and TearJuly - After improductive attemps to force their way trough in the same breath as their advance, Germans are reinforcing their front units and prepare a full-scale offensive. Complements to 2. GD and 181. ID are sent to Rognan, saturating the small locall infrastructures and the line of communication from Mo i Rana to the detriment of ammunitions. The bad road is the daily targeted by RAF bombers and the Luftwaffe can't be everywhere on the one hundred kilometers long path in the middle of nowhere, neither do the Flak. Losses are hudge and the front building up is highly affected. Allies have less issues, having waterways at disposal where fishing boats and small coasters, often wearing some machine-guns, are not easy prey to catch as their are able to manoeuvre more freely onto the space of the fjords and to fly away along the abrupt cliffs. The final journey by trucks doesn't exceed feefteen kilometers from Straumen to Fauske, much more easier area to defend with the numerous AA guns of various types (QF 3.7-inch, Bofors 40 mm, Oerlikon 20 mm) and covered every day by Hurricanes or Gladiators. The forests alongside beeing practicle places to hide supplies. To counter air attacks and having seen the efficiency of a unique 20 mm gun in the Misvaertfjord, Norwegians arm some trawlers with Bofors 40 mm, put armor plates on the upper side of the hull and send them patroling along the front side. These "Monitors", despite beeing slow, reveale themselves real serial killers for everything moving on the Skjerstadfjorden shore. A small flottilla is put under the young Captain Wallander from Royal Norwegian Navy who sails it in all direction from Bodø to Sjønstå. This presence forbade Germans to set up any full scale operation and even any infiltration attempt. They defensive positions on the coast are constantly shelled, forcing them to incessant rebuilding. Having seen the effectiveness of the system in these tightened waters, British accept to give to the RNoN a dozen of old Motor Launch dating of previous war to help them. Armed with a QF 13-pounder (76,2 mm) or a QF 3-pounder (47 mm) and sailing at 19 knots, they prove to be even more deadly. Armament is complemented with two twin Lewis 7.7 machine-guns for close or anti-aircraft defense and still the armor on the hull. Soon, two dozens of boats criss-cross the fjord, countering every attempt of terrestrial or air attack with heavy shelling. Mid-July - Taking advantage of short cover of the night coming back, Gubbins' Independant Companies infilter itselves in the woods on the Southern bank in front of Finneid and Gjemgam to destroy batteries, ammunition storages, and the ferry terminal in Langset. The place being favourable to ambushes, German patrols trying to hunt them are quickly set out of combat and a bigger sweep operation using huge amount of troops found nothing, British having quickly retreated through Øvrevatnet. They do it again in Lakså where, without any track to the South, men of the 2. GD were not able to bring any heavy armament. Pressure on 12th Norwegian Infantry Regiment diminushes on this part of the front. In parallel, the numerous old "75" received, installed in the wood North of Fauske, are continuousely shelling the peninsula in front of Finneid. Germans, who brought only some mountaign guns and few ammunitions, are unable to answer, they hole up in the woods without a lot of cassualties but the moral is dropping. One more time, the Luftwaffe is in charge to retaliate, still at a high cost for no or meager results. West of Saltdal, 181. ID is also targeted by the RAF and RNoAAS, the track from Rogan to Misvaer being almost without any vegetal cover, its reinforcement is almost impossible and its leading units in the bottom of the Misvaerfjorden are also harrased by the "Monitors", they have to retreat some kilometers to find some relief at Skar. French troops are landed at Skjerstad (Chasseurs alpins) to relieve the 14th Norwegian Infantry Regiment and move forward threatening to cut the 181. ID from its base, which must retreat to Skar, South-West of Rognan. Now the Allies are in a little wooded area and, under the risk of the German artillery at Rognan or the Luftwaffe, have to stop their advance. Progress along the fjord to the East continues with the support of the Motor Launches and Dverset, six kilometers North of Saltdal, is soon reached. Fights in Fauske neighbourhood - Mid July
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DMZ
Chief petty officer
Posts: 145
Likes: 243
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Post by DMZ on Feb 16, 2024 9:30:52 GMT
A Blazing Ambassador
August 28th - Singapore - After his triumphant first leg, De Gaulle and the members of his staff and government came back to the question of French West Africa. While French North Africa was out of the Free French's reach for the moment, FWA could prove more vulnerable. However, the operation had to be carefully planned to avoid causing French blood to be shed in fratricidal clashes. It was agreed that the first action to be taken was to destabilise the country, and the present tour and the mass rallies were a good prelude to this, which had to be exploited to the full. A meeting with Roosevelt would be the high point of the tour. The financing of a dissident press and the creation of a radio-broadcasting station for Dakar were approved. Although Senegal was solidly held and had the military resources to make it difficult to take it by force, the same could not be said for neighbouring territories, and it was decided to start nibbling away. A landing operation in French Guinea and Mauritania was planned, while putting pressure on Dakar by sea to prevent any reaction. Once the colony had been isolated and surrounded, action by land and internal subversion would be possible, as a prelude to a final landing if necessary.
Churchill, once informed of these plans, was receptive and even enthusiastic. Moreover, he owed it to De Gaulle to have been able to resist Tokyo's request to close the Burmese route to China, thanks to the intransigence of the Free French in Indochina. Of course, setting up a transmitter in Douala posed no problem and the Royal Navy lent its support to an expedition to Abidjan, Port Étienne and Dakar, and he will do his own of Roosevelt. This last point was a little trickier to manage, but the very media-savvy and flamboyant Sir Philip Kerr, Marquess of Lothian, the United Kingdom's ambassador to Washington and a fierce lobbyist for greater American involvement in the war, soon succeeded in getting the White House to admit that it would be a great pity to deprive itself of French support and that, whatever one might think of this general, he had always worked for the Allied cause, unlike many French decision-makers, and seemed to have the massive support of the liberated populations, the Douala Declaration being a step towards what could be a "Commonwealth à la française" *. Incidentally, he seemed far less anti-Republican and above all totally anti-German than the whole of Pétain's government. Roosevelt eventually acquiesced, but as Vichy remained the legal representative of power recognised by the United States, De Gaulle's visit did not have the status of an official visit, only a private meeting.
Learning of the decision by the President of the United States, the General was torn between the satisfaction of political recognition from a major power and the disappointment that it would not be total. His entourage, led by Mandel and Argenlieu, persuaded him to seize this wonderful opportunity, which should continue to marginalise Vichy supporters. They also managed to get him to agree not to launch an armed operation against the French West Indies before this meeting.
October 21st - Washington - After stopovers in Honolulu and San Francisco, where French sailors were duly feted, De Gaulle flew to Washington where he was received on 21 October. Much to the dismay of the French and francophile Americans, the exchange between the two men turned out to be rough, with De Gaulle unable to shake off his haughty arrogance, leaving Roosevelt somewhat disappointed that thanks for the American commitment to France during the last war were paid only with lip service and that his host spoke only of the greatness of France. This is all the more bitter given that Kerr had a completely different approach to American politics and public opinion, even going so far as to facetiously present King George III, in front of his full-length portrait which adorns the entrance to the embassy, as "the founder of the Republic of the United States of America". All the British and French diplomats had a hard time mitigating this misunderstanding, which lasted throughout the war.
* In French
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stevep
Fleet admiral
Posts: 24,836
Likes: 13,225
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Post by stevep on Feb 16, 2024 10:31:20 GMT
A Blazing AmbassadorAugust 28th - Singapore - After his triumphant first leg, De Gaulle and the members of his staff and government came back to the question of French West Africa. While French North Africa was out of the Free French's reach for the moment, FWA could prove more vulnerable. However, the operation had to be carefully planned to avoid causing French blood to be shed in fratricidal clashes. It was agreed that the first action to be taken was to destabilise the country, and the present tour and the mass rallies were a good prelude to this, which had to be exploited to the full. A meeting with Roosevelt would be the high point of the tour. The financing of a dissident press and the creation of a radio-broadcasting station for Dakar were approved. Although Senegal was solidly held and had the military resources to make it difficult to take it by force, the same could not be said for neighbouring territories, and it was decided to start nibbling away. A landing operation in French Guinea and Mauritania was planned, while putting pressure on Dakar by sea to prevent any reaction. Once the colony had been isolated and surrounded, action by land and internal subversion would be possible, as a prelude to a final landing if necessary. Churchill, once informed of these plans, was receptive and even enthusiastic. Moreover, he owed it to De Gaulle to have been able to resist Tokyo's request to close the Burmese route to China, thanks to the intransigence of the Free French in Indochina. Of course, setting up a transmitter in Douala posed no problem and the Royal Navy lent its support to an expedition to Abidjan, Port Étienne and Dakar, and he will do his own of Roosevelt. This last point was a little trickier to manage, but the very media-savvy and flamboyant Sir Philip Kerr, Marquess of Lothian, the United Kingdom's ambassador to Washington and a fierce lobbyist for greater American involvement in the war, soon succeeded in getting the White House to admit that it would be a great pity to deprive itself of French support and that, whatever one might think of this general, he had always worked for the Allied cause, unlike many French decision-makers, and seemed to have the massive support of the liberated populations, the Douala Declaration being a step towards what could be a " Commonwealth à la française" *. Incidentally, he seemed far less anti-Republican and above all totally anti-German than the whole of Pétain's government. Roosevelt eventually acquiesced, but as Vichy remained the legal representative of power recognised by the United States, De Gaulle's visit did not have the status of an official visit, only a private meeting. Learning of the decision by the President of the United States, the General was torn between the satisfaction of political recognition from a major power and the disappointment that it would not be total. His entourage, led by Mandel and Argenlieu, persuaded him to seize this wonderful opportunity, which should continue to marginalise Vichy supporters. They also managed to get him to agree not to launch an armed operation against the French West Indies before this meeting. October 21st - Washington - After stopovers in Honolulu and San Francisco, where French sailors were duly feted, De Gaulle flew to Washington where he was received on 21 October. Much to the dismay of the French and francophile Americans, the exchange between the two men turned out to be rough, with De Gaulle unable to shake off his haughty arrogance, leaving Roosevelt somewhat disappointed that thanks for the American commitment to France during the last war were paid only with lip service and that his host spoke only of the greatness of France. This is all the more bitter given that Kerr had a completely different approach to American politics and public opinion, even going so far as to facetiously present King George III, in front of his full-length portrait which adorns the entrance to the embassy, as "the founder of the Republic of the United States of America". All the British and French diplomats had a hard time mitigating this misunderstanding, which lasted throughout the war. * In French
Well de Gaulle didn't make a total mess of things but could have done a lot better for his cause. Love the bit about the British ambassador and George III. Guessing that was OTL as it seems too ironic to be made up.
Only just realised that its already August but had rather lost track of the dates with everything going on. Given that IIRC there's been no significant air battle over Britain and without Norway as a base the German naval threat is a bit less I don't know whether there will be a blitz campaign. If not then the LW will be somewhat stronger in 1941 but where will it and the rest of the German military be used in 1941? Can Hitler overcome his obsession with the USSR - or fail to overcome any objection from the military - and if so will Germany do something else? If not will Barbarossa still occur? In which case what will be the situation with Finland and could that threaten free Norway from the north?
The most dangerous option for Britain is if the Germans go more for a maritime strategy with subs produced in greater numbers earlier and possibly more surface raiders.
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