lordroel
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Post by lordroel on Aug 23, 2015 18:14:17 GMT
Netherlands New Guinea of 1962 back into time to 1942
A topic i once posted on the Alternate History Discussion Board about the Netherlands New Guinea from May 1st 1962 replacing its May 1st 1942 counterpart, a month before the Japanese Invasion of the Netherlands New Guinea would begin.
As the Netherlands in 1962 was in a semi-war with Indonesia over the Netherlands New Guinea the entire territory has a large amount of Netherlands forces present to combat Indonesian attempts to take over the territory.
The forces listed here are under the command of the Commander of the forces in Netherlands New Guinea (Dutch: Commandant Strijdkrachten Nieuw-Guinea, COSTRING) who had the following units under his control.
Royal Netherlands Army
6th Infantry Battalion (6IB)
The six infantry companies belonging to consist mostly out of conscripts, they are position at the west-and southwest of New Guinea, the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps act as a mobile reserve located at Biak and Manokwari, the locations of the six infantry companies spread across Netherlands New Guinea was:
Battalion-staff, supply and 3 companies (A, E en F) operating from Sorong.
B companie operating from Kaimana. C ccompanie operating from Fak Fak. D companie operating from Merauke. The three outer companies (B, C en D) where placed under the operational command of the Commander of the forces in Netherlands New GuineaCOSTRING, the highest naval authority.
Infantry Security Peloton
The Infantry Security Peloton (Dutch: Infanterie Beveiligingspeloton) is a force of 40 men consisting of 3 tirailleurs groups each consisting of 2 Bren Groups and 3 snipers witch a mortars groups for support.
Papuan Volunteer Corps
The Papuan Volunteer Corps (Dutch: Papoea Vrijwilligers Korps, PVVK) is a corps consisting entirely of Papuans, formed on February 21st 1961. It was established to contribute to the defense of Netherlands New Guinea against the infiltration of the Indonesian Army. The corps serve as a semi-military police and consist of five pelotons of 37 men.
Royal Netherlands Marine Corps
5 infantry companies and 2 recon and intelligences-pelotons belonging to the 4th marine battalion.
Korps Commandotroepen
A detachment belonging to the Korps Commandotroepen (Special forces) located at navy airbase Biak.
Air Defense Command for New Guinea (Dutch: Commando Luchtverdediging Nederlands Nieuw-Guinea) consisting of:
322 (fighter) Squadron, 22 Hawker Hunter Mk.4 AD and Mk.6 AD fighters and two Alouette II SAR helicopters located at navy airbase Biak (Dutch: Marinevliegkamp Biak).
321 (Maritime patrol) Squadron, 12 Lockheed P-2 Neptune maritime patrol and ASW aircraft located at navy airbase Biak.
336 (Transport) Squadron, six Douglas DC-3 transport aircraft located at navy airbase Biak.
2 type 15 Mk IV raders located at navy airbase Biak
A radar navigation system at Biak, and a reserve airstrip at Noemfoer.
7e Afdeling Lichte Luchtdoelartillerie
N-peloton (equipped with Bofors 40 mm L/70 anti-aircraft guns) located at Hollandia.
A detachment navy anti-air artillery at navy airbase Biak.
Royal Netherlands Navy
Friesland-Class destroyers
HNLMS Friesland
HNLMS Groningen
HNLMS Limburg
S-class destroyer
HNLMS Kortenaar
HNLMS Evertsen
Dolfijn-class submarine
HNLMS Dolfijn
Balao-class submarine
HNLMS Zeeleeuw
Luymes-class survey vessel
HNLMS Luymes HNLMS Snellius
Other schips
16 landing crafts, (LT's, LCPR’s and LCA's).
2 tug boats.
84 zodiac-rubber boats.
Several motor sloops and auxiliary ships.
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jon
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Post by jon on Apr 26, 2016 20:57:04 GMT
From what I've read, the Japanese began to invade coastal NNG in April 1942 following the conclusion of their campaign in Java and other more economically developed islands in the DEI.
At any rate, the ISOT throws a serious spanner into the works of the Japanese invasion as it was conducted on even more of a shoestring than their usual attacks due to the lack of organized resistance.
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lordroel
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Post by lordroel on Apr 27, 2016 8:53:06 GMT
From what I've read, the Japanese began to invade coastal NNG in April 1942 following the conclusion of their campaign in Java and other more economically developed islands in the DEI. At any rate, the ISOT throws a serious spanner into the works of the Japanese invasion as it was conducted on even more of a shoestring than their usual attacks due to the lack of organized resistance. And the Netherlands Up timmers are already on high alert due their semi war with Indonesia in 1962, as soon as they find out what happen they will do their best to slow down the Japanese and call in the Americans and Australians to reinforce them, which they will do. Some pictures of the military hardware the 1962 Netherlands forces posses: Friesland-class destroyerDolfijn-class submarine Hawker Hunter
Lockheed P-2 Neptune
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jon
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Post by jon on Apr 27, 2016 20:53:53 GMT
www.warfare.altervista.org/DutchEastIndies/new_guinea.htmlAbove seems to be a fairly accurate account of Operation "N", the invasion of Dutch New Guinea which dates the operation as occurring on March 30th/April 1st 1942. So in keeping to the spirit of the OP, 1962 Dutch New Guinea arrives on March 1st 1942. Now, it's probably going to be too much for them to save the Exeter and the other ships sunk in the Second Battle of the Java Sea, but there is the issue of the ongoing invasion of Java. Again due to the shock of the ISOT, the Dutch aren't going to be able to do much to affect the Island's surrender the Shoji Detachment's landing at Eretan Wetan pretty much ensures that the Island will surrender roughly around the same time it did in OTL. Nevertheless, once the shock of the ISOT wears down, and contact is made with the Allies, the 1962 forces will begin to change things pretty quick. I'd wager that given their limited forces, the 1962 Dutch force is going to try and lay low initially to preserve the surprise of their arrival from the enemy. Given that the Japanese are over-extended and Dutch New Guinea is seen as a minor area, I think the Dutch may be able to conceal their arrival from the Japanese, at least in the short term. Though it's too late for most of the DEI, it's not too late for Papua New Guinea. The Dutch will know that the Japanese forces involved in the invasion of Lae Salamaua are all in Rabaul (to depart on March 5th). I could see the Dutch airforce launching a massive strike on Rabaul, while the Hawker Hunter aircraft suppress Japanese AA and destroy Japanese aircraft, the P-2 Neptune aircraft will be able to inflict serious damage on the 4th fleet. This likely butterflies the invasion of Lae-Salamaua, furthermore, it allows Admiral Brown to move the Lexington and Yorktown to launch a follow up raid on Rabaul itself rather than hitting the invasion force around Lae-Salamaua as hitting Rabaul was the plan initially. The latter strike, delays the Indian Ocean Raid as the Japanese likely send their carriers in pursuit of Brown's force, though the distances involved likely result in Brown slipping away. However from this point on, the Japanese know about the Dutch positions in Dutch New Guinea and will have to adjust their plans accordingly. From there on, MacArthur and others likely race to reinforce the Dutch before the Japanese can muster enough troops to invade. With troops, aircraft, and naval forces based around Biak, the Allies will be able to inflict serious damage on the Japanese oil operations and both sides know this. This throws another spanner into the works as the Japanese now are forced to reinforce Rabaul (not knowing that the Allies likely can't take it back) and prepare to launch a much more extensive campaign in the DEI than they were initially planning to. Reinforcements that were sent to Burma and Bataan in OTL are instead concentrated in the Dutch East Indies for the upcoming attacks. At the same time, I'd wager that the additional technology and future knowledge means that Nimitz will place a huge priority in reinforcing the Dutch so forces that were sent to New Caledonia (132nd Regiment, 164th Regiment, 182nd Regiment) in OTL are likely redirected to beef up the Dutch garrison. As both sides build up, Dutch future technology is likely transferred to the Allies. Better designs for landing craft, torpedoes, radars, aircraft, are all likely copied and reverse engineered.
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stevep
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Post by stevep on Apr 27, 2016 22:41:45 GMT
Guys
Interesting discussion. A few points and questions: a) Jon are you suggesting a strike on the Japanese invasion force while its at Rabaul or after its left? I would have thought that the latter would have had two advantages. Without the defences of the port the Dutch would be able to do more damage and that sinking the ships at sea means more losses of men and supplies for the Japanese. Plus you could have the sub come into play as a 1962 sub should be lethal to the Japanese.
b) The key question would be how much supplies and equipment will the up-timers have? Given how thinly stretched the Japanese are and how confused their going to be by the sudden leap in Dutch power they could hold on for quite a while but their likely to run out of equipment and spares before the Japanese can defeat them in battle.
c) As I say, the initial Dutch attack will mightily confuse the Japanese as their not going to realise what those forces are and where their coming from initially. Plus they will be confused about what additional forces the defenders have and why they haven't appeared before. This could be another reason to hit the invasion force at sea rather than in port as the Japanese are likely to discover less about their attackers. This could be useful as it will mean the Japanese will be uncertain what they have to commit to any invasion once they realise the enemy is operating from New Guinea. Of course this could mean they try and come in in overwhelming force but that would constrain a lot of other operations, take some time and still probably mean some vital losses.
d) As Jon says the allies, once the uptimers establish contact with them and confirm what their saying, although how they would do that quickly I'm unsure, they would seek to support the Dutch. Also this gives a potential huge advantage to the allies if the US can be persuaded to commit their carriers to the area. Some equivalent to Coral Sea could be a crushing victory fairly quickly as finding Japanese forces could be hugely easier with the Dutch a/c and possibly also the sub. This is likely to butterfly any Midway battle as the potential threat from New Guinea, even if the forces are actually largely disarmed by lack of supplies, would force the Japanese to continue making attacks to clear the region. The big danger here might actually be surface ships once the Japanese locate the Dutch bases as they can't sink that many of them and shore bombardment could be highly destructive.
e) In terms of short term reprieves elsewhere I don't think it would make much difference to Baatan. If the Japanese don't attack the defenders are forced to surrender due to lack of food if nothing else. However if Burma could be saved as a result this would make for some big differences to the war in the area and possibly also in China since the Nationalists could get a hell of a lot more supplies if the Burma road stays open. Also Burma in British hands could avoid some nasty disasters in the region, including possibly seriously mitigating the Bengal famine.
f) Of course the biggest butterflies will come later on. Long after any impact from the forces operating in the region has passed there is the knowledge the up-timers have. Both on WWII and on later events. Knowledge of nuclear weapons, the cold war and Soviet spies, numerous technological advances and some social changes, including the rapid decolonisation that is largely completed by 1962.
Anyway, some fascinating options here I think.
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lordroel
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Post by lordroel on Apr 28, 2016 3:18:16 GMT
Thanks for the link, had already forgotten that that site excised. Will the Papuan Volunteer Corps be expanded as this is the only force in Netherlands New Guinea that has people to fill it as the Netherlands forces are now cut of from their sources (NEI is occupied as is the Netherlands). Will the Hawker Hunters be shipped to the United States in order to reverse engineer them and how long will it take for a US version of the Hawker Hunter to enter int service.
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stevep
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Post by stevep on Apr 28, 2016 8:24:59 GMT
Lordroel
I would expect the answer to both those questions would be yes. The local population is the only source of extra manpower that the defenders have until they can be reinforced and they really need to link up with them not to be too totally dependent on the US and other allies.
Similarly, at least once the early fighting is finished flying out a Hunter and some plans and technological details for the allies to look over and see what they can reproduce and how quickly. With their resources the US will take the lead here but British knowledge on early jets could be useful here. Possibly it wouldn't be an Hunter but some sort of early jet might be available in numbers in say 18-24 months at a guess.
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lordroel
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Post by lordroel on Apr 28, 2016 14:33:08 GMT
Lordroel I would expect the answer to both those questions would be yes. The local population is the only source of extra manpower that the defenders have until they can be reinforced and they really need to link up with them not to be too totally dependent on the US and other allies. I know from book i have the Netherlands forces in Netherlands New Guinea in 1962 was about 5,000 men, there is also a force of 2,000 regular police due the fact that they also fought side by side with the Royal Netherlands Army and the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps during the semi war they are consider para-military forces in nature. Also a fact to now, when the Papuan Volunteer Corps was created in 1960 there where more than thousands of young man who wanted to join, however only 200 where selected, this means that if the governor and Commander of the forces in Netherlands New Guinea allow it the Papuan Volunteer Corps can easy expand to a force of more than a 1,000 men, only problem is weapons for them as the Netherlands forces in Netherlands New Guinea in 1962 do not have that much in storage, however the Australians and Americans can help with that problem i think. Also would the No. 18 (Netherlands East Indies) Squadron RAAF (formed in April 1942) and equipped with B-25 Mitchell medium bombers be send to navy airbase Biak (Dutch: Marinevliegkamp Biak) as soon as word got out or would it not be useful for them to go there. Some more images: Marching Papoea Vrijwilligerskorps troops. A nice website with pictures of the Netherlands forces
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jon
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Post by jon on Apr 29, 2016 1:19:15 GMT
5/6 of the IJN's fleet carriers (remember the Kaga struck a reef in February and had to sit out the end of the Java Campaign and the Indian Ocean raid in OTL) are also scheduled to arrive at Staring Bay on Sulawesi on March 10th 1942. If the uptime Dutch forces are able to figure this out (not an impossibility IMO) they could easily station their two submarines in the region and advise the rest of the Allies to do the same. This could lead to the Japanese navy taking even further casualties, especially if the Dutch Air Force can launch a night time strike with their P-2 aircraft. If the Dutch pull this off, along with a strike on the 4th fleet in Rabaul, the IJN might be completely gutted far earlier than OTL.
I think that the Dutch Hunters aren't the only things that will be reverse engineered, An example of the P-2N would be also a massive tech boost (it's engines would smooth the development of the B-29 immensely). Also new designs of the landing craft would also speed things up. The Bofors submarine mortars alone would be able to massively accelerate the Allied victory in the Battle of the Atlantic once mass produced. TTL's Second World War is going to be over much earlier than OTL.
An expansion of the Papuan Volunteer Corps is a given, especially in 1942. Though initially equipment is likely going to come from Australian/NZ reserve stocks, American supplies will likely begin arriving sooner rather than later. I could see the Dutch negotiating for enough funds from the US to put through some kind of GI bill in Iran Jaya as a means of inducing more people to volunteer. With additional militia, the existing 1962 forces, and American troops (28th division can be rerouted from New Caledonia with more to follow) the Japanese are going to find it impossible to take the region.
In all likelihood Dutch New Guinea becomes what the Solomons was in OTL, the battle of attrition that decisively wears down the Japanese Army and Navy while preparations are made for larger campaigns elsewhere.
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lordroel
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Post by lordroel on Apr 29, 2016 1:52:57 GMT
I think that the Dutch Hunters aren't the only things that will be reverse engineered, An example of the P-2N would be also a massive tech boost (it's engines would smooth the development of the B-29 immensely). Also new designs of the landing craft would also speed things up. The Bofors submarine mortars alone would be able to massively accelerate the Allied victory in the Battle of the Atlantic once mass produced. TTL's Second World War is going to be over much earlier than OTL. It seems also that the Netherlands forces where equipped with the Uzi submachine gun, also Indonesian para troopers who where dropped into Netherlands New Guinea used the G3 as their standard weapon along with AK-47, according to sources i have found the Netherlands forces sized several of them, could the US reverse engineer them fast enough to use them on the battlefield.
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stevep
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Post by stevep on Apr 29, 2016 9:58:48 GMT
5/6 of the IJN's fleet carriers (remember the Kaga struck a reef in February and had to sit out the end of the Java Campaign and the Indian Ocean raid in OTL) are also scheduled to arrive at Staring Bay on Sulawesi on March 10th 1942. If the uptime Dutch forces are able to figure this out (not an impossibility IMO) they could easily station their two submarines in the region and advise the rest of the Allies to do the same. This could lead to the Japanese navy taking even further casualties, especially if the Dutch Air Force can launch a night time strike with their P-2 aircraft. If the Dutch pull this off, along with a strike on the 4th fleet in Rabaul, the IJN might be completely gutted far earlier than OTL. I think that the Dutch Hunters aren't the only things that will be reverse engineered, An example of the P-2N would be also a massive tech boost (it's engines would smooth the development of the B-29 immensely). Also new designs of the landing craft would also speed things up. The Bofors submarine mortars alone would be able to massively accelerate the Allied victory in the Battle of the Atlantic once mass produced. TTL's Second World War is going to be over much earlier than OTL. An expansion of the Papuan Volunteer Corps is a given, especially in 1942. Though initially equipment is likely going to come from Australian/NZ reserve stocks, American supplies will likely begin arriving sooner rather than later. I could see the Dutch negotiating for enough funds from the US to put through some kind of GI bill in Iran Jaya as a means of inducing more people to volunteer. With additional militia, the existing 1962 forces, and American troops (28th division can be rerouted from New Caledonia with more to follow) the Japanese are going to find it impossible to take the region. In all likelihood Dutch New Guinea becomes what the Solomons was in OTL, the battle of attrition that decisively wears down the Japanese Army and Navy while preparations are made for larger campaigns elsewhere. Jon Some very good points and I like the idea of trying to trash KB at Staring Bay. That would result in big butterflies, including no Indian Ocean raid which caused a lot of disruption and fear of more such attacks. Could the US supply forces as far forward as New Guinea that early however? The links to Australia were hardly being established and this is a lot nearer Japanese bases. In the longer run as you say there will be huge advantages for the allies, both in terms of equipment and possibly more importantly knowledge of what to do/not do. There is likely to be problems with disbelief and also vested interests but some things could happen a lot earlier. For instance they might be able to resolve the problems with the US torpedoes a lot earlier despite the embedded influence of the Torpedo Board. That could quickly become fatal for a lot of Japanese shipping. In terms of the Atlantic that could be won earlier, which would be a massive boost. Probably wouldn't lead to a greatly earlier liberation of Europe unless the allies go for a Med strategy because the US needs to mobilise a lot of manpower before a N France approach is practical. However a lot of lives could be saved. Steve
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jon
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Post by jon on Apr 29, 2016 20:14:53 GMT
Regarding US forces in New Guinea
-Assuming that Rabaul has been neutralized by Dutch/USN raids and that Lae and Salamaua are still in Australian hands I see no reason why the US couldn't reinforce Dutch New Guinea, especially if the KB has been gutted by a Dutch air raid. The infrastructure should be there in 1962 and with Hawker Hunters, the IJNAF and IJAAF aren't getting anywhere near supply convoys. In OTL the Allies were able to reinforce Merauke in Southern Dutch New Guinea.
-Regarding the small arms issue: I doubt you'll see much action on this in March 1942. No point in switching horses midstream and introducing another cartridge into the supply chain. The Uzi, though it uses the 9mm Parabellum, is generally not a good SMG and I doubt it will be copied. That being said they should provide some interesting thoughts for things further down the line.
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stevep
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Post by stevep on Apr 29, 2016 22:34:21 GMT
Regarding US forces in New Guinea -Assuming that Rabaul has been neutralized by Dutch/USN raids and that Lae and Salamaua are still in Australian hands I see no reason why the US couldn't reinforce Dutch New Guinea, especially if the KB has been gutted by a Dutch air raid. The infrastructure should be there in 1962 and with Hawker Hunters, the IJNAF and IJAAF aren't getting anywhere near supply convoys. In OTL the Allies were able to reinforce Merauke in Southern Dutch New Guinea. -Regarding the small arms issue: I doubt you'll see much action on this in March 1942. No point in switching horses midstream and introducing another cartridge into the supply chain. The Uzi, though it uses the 9mm Parabellum, is generally not a good SMG and I doubt it will be copied. That being said they should provide some interesting thoughts for things further down the line. Jon If the KB is successfully gutted then things are a lot better. My concern was how long will it be before the up-time weapons such as the Hunters and subs run out of munitions or spares? I was thinking it was a problem for both sides during the Guadalcanal battles getting forces there and this is somewhat further away and closer to Japanese bases. However willing to bow to your much greater knowledge of the campaigns [and await the Wake/Alamo updates with anticipation. ] Steve
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jon
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Post by jon on Apr 29, 2016 23:34:11 GMT
Steve,
I'd wager that the Dutch have at least enough supplies and spares for a month or two of intense combat if not more. I'd wager this is more than enough to buy themselves enough breathing room to allow the rest of the Allies to reinforce their position and make life difficult for the Japanese. Unlike Guadalcanal, the 1962 Dutch New Guinea has plenty of infrastructure to facilitate an Allied buildup and the fact that it's close to Japanese bases means that the battle of attrition is going to be even more tilted in the Allies' favour.
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lordroel
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Post by lordroel on Apr 30, 2016 10:48:03 GMT
A map of the location of the Netherlands forces in 1962.
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