1940
The Italians are still working in the Bay of Great Syrte prospecting for oil; the great breakthrough haven't surfaced yet but Desio is sure he is working in the right area.
At home Italy is still struggling with a very active Communist movement making for strikes in the industrial sector and agitation in the countryside.
Foreign policy is not much of Italy's activity except in the colonial area though since the defeat in the Yugoslav War Turkey have been pestering the Italian about the Dodekanese Islands which duly trigger Greek participation. With the two outside parties shouting at each other Italy have been able to maintain status quo though more often than not in the internal political debate the islands is viewed a money sink mainly because in view of the diplomatic conflict a rather large part of the Italian Navy is on station at Rhodes. The Greeks try getting British support though the British are unwilling as their major concern is being able to have the Turks close the Straits if needed – as viewed from Downing Street.
For some years the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have been eyeing the Sovietunion nervously. As long as Stalin have had his gaze on the Far East things have been remarkably calm but this year there had been a series of accusations from Moscow raining down on the Baltic States. The three small countries still have good relations with the Nordic countries but knows quite well that those will be of little help should Stalin decide against them too and Finland having had its share of Communist agitation the year before.
The 1939 delivery from the Nordic countries of older Jaktfalk fighter planes to the Baltic countries is also the issue this year as the Baltics are accused of Bourgiouse acting and aggressive stance against their neighbours meaning the Sovietunion!
With a sizeable German descended population some right wing German political parties begin advocating that Germany protect its Volksdeutsche in the East; the idea soon gather wind not less within the Armed Forces even if Von Hammerstein-Equord warns of possible implications he isn't definitely adverse to the scheme though to some extend he have to face a battle at home with his Communist convinced daughters.
German Navy ships visit the ports of Klaipeda, Lithuania, Riga, Latvia and Tallinn, Estonia to the joy of the locals. At last some major power is paying them attention.
Far East; Manchuria
Japan is ready to strike at the Sovietunion. During fall when temperatures in the desert have subsided below summers burn the Japanese are jumping off as the Soviets are still in the process of implementing the new T-34 tanks; a new kind of heavy tank to beef op Soviet Tank units to be able to steamroll the Japanese fascists.
Except the Japanese intially getting the upper hand though they had great trouble with the few units having received the T-34 as the 37mm AP shots seemed to bounce off them. It was only later that they found that even if bouncing off at times spalling of the inside of armourplating made for serious losses to Soviet tank crews.
The Japanese however managed to bag a Tank Brigade in the western desert and slowly wear it down mainly because the Brigade ran out of fuel and then surrendered. It was a heavy blow to the Soviets and Stalin would see to that the Far Eastern Military District would understand that Uncle Joe wasn't satisfied with its performance. Tukatjevski was the natural choice of removal and replaced with General Zhukov of the Stavka.
Intent on not losing his position or own life Zhukov began by ordering all units under attack to not retreat but stay in place defending. At the same time he pulled all Tank units out of the line to replace their tanks with the T-34s coming off the line or rather flatwaggons at Chita, Siberia. The Tank units were then assembled at Chita and given a crash course on their new rides and railed as far as possible up to the front line or even further east to the Amur River.
Even if casualties were horrendous in the western desert Uncle Joe were looking on rather pleased; the line held and a month later the Far Eastern Military District was ready for the assault.
As the Russians had played for time in the desert to the north just south of Amur River the Japanese had assaulted the Russian defences as was the case to the west of Vladivostok.
The Imperial Japanese Navy, IJN, had at the outbreak of hostilities shelled Vladivostok with a Battleship Division and bombed the airfields from its Carriers but the sudden arrival of Soviet Submarines sinking a light Cruiser and two Destroyers had sent the Navy out of the area. As it withdrew one Carrier was torpedoed and immobilized. Trying to locate the Soviet Submarine the IJN probably learned an important lesson regarding ASW employment – or not.
At the next planned IJN sortie to shell Vladivostok Japanese Submarines had been sent in advance to try neutralizing the Soviet ones and kept as an outer screen searching for Soviet Subs.
Even though Vladivostok got shelled a Soviet Submarine managed to sink a Japanese Battleship the Yamashiro prompting the withdrawal of the IJN from the immediate waters of Vladivostok.
It also lead to more Japanese work on ASW units to support the main ships and made for the IJN rethink the role of its Submarines that hadn't been of much value.
Further IJN attacks on Vladivostok would be flow from Carriers of land bases in Korea.
The Japanese Army soon realized that it lacked the punch to really knock the Soviets back north of the Amur and penetrate the defences of Vladivostok. Short of heavy artillery aircraft had to deliver with the enevitable friendly fire incidents occuring just as the IJN heavy guns were missed at Vladivostok. Forward Air Controllers hadn't as yet become a stable of the Japanese Army.
To the west Zhukov had gotten his tanks rolling. Previous experiences had made Zhukov building Mechanized Divisions to supplant the Tank heavy formations of Tukatjevski's.
Outrunning the infantry the Mechanized Divisions performed really well being able to sustain battle for a longer time. True logistics did show its ugly face as units were prone to running out of fuel or ammunition due to overextension of line of communications and as such a lot of Cavalry were used to try keep the link between mechanized units and marching infantry.
At least the Cavalry didn't run out of fuel as often as the mechanized units.
With November and lowered temperatures with occasional frost during night the Soviets were back in the Shiloka Mountains though this time it was a combined force and the Soviets were able to penetrate the Mountains and break into the Manchurian Plain.
There they moved up to the western bank of the Nonni River at Lungkiang only to stop due to logistics constraints even with the aid of the Northwest Railway leading back to Chita, Siberia.
Zhukovs Army had advanced 400 kilometers/250 miles and was spent. The Japanese drew a breath of relief and began fortifying the Nonni as the first snow would fall on the battlefield.
The Soviet advance in Manchuria didn't go unnoticed in Europe or America. It was in fact a severe shock. Suddenly the Japanese Ambassadors became the member of the local group of ambassadors to invite for talks to assess the situation in the Far East and the Sovietunion in particular.
There was even some British and French talk of propping up the Japanese with heavy artillery and better anti-tank guns much to the curiosity of the Germans.
Germany silently increased its military-industrial mission to China and made an update of its trade treaty with China mainly still in the armaments sector but also in other industrial areas such as chemistry and getting minerals and agricultural supply in return. Krupp would contract the Chinese Government to build an armaments factory at Chongquing removed nicely inland.
The US also silently supplied Chennault with whats wanted and viewed his presence to be in the right spot; a number of american nationals mainly pilots would journey to China but also industrialists. China also placed an order in the US for a new generation of warships to bring its Navy above the level of brown water a couple of cruisers.
Back to Europe
Germany had its airline Lufthansa open new routes into eastern Europe at first the Baltics and Munhacevoj in Carpato-Ukraine easternmost part of Czechoslovakia. The Czechs really didn't need it but agreed having reassessed its situation. Even if not having a direct border with the Sovietunion in the current situation having somebody to back you up seemed a kind of welcome insurance.
Poland was very vocal of being able to defend its borders but did have some talks with the Germans mainly so von Hammerstein-Equord head of German General Staff though it had no intentions of entering any formal defensive measures. Poland was also building up its arms industry as it already sold 37mm Anti-Tank guns and Anti-Tank rifles to Japan.
France also did some work in Eastern Europe mainly so in Romania which had a long border with the Sovietunion and rather weak armed forces and flimsy economy though the oilfield of Ploesti north of the capitol of Bucuresti in the foothils of the Transsilvanian Alps served a steady income from mainly Germany which also bought a substantial amount of Romanian iron. Not Swedish quality but cheaper.
Hungary in the mittle of the area had few friends even the Italians had seen little purpose in propping it up since the Yugoslavian War of 1935 and had few means to do so even if it wanted and generally it didn't.
The Nordic countries are discussing the situation; it is decided to continue joint excercises in the Baltic but also into the Arctic Sea north of Norway and Finland.
The story of a Soviet Submarine sinking the Japanese Battleship Yamashiro makes for much discussion on operations in the Baltic and how to surveille that waterbody as well as the Danish and Danish/Swedish straits. Both Denmark and Norway argue that the previous main effort in the North Sea would be a time gone by. Instead a forward presence in the Baltic like the Bay of Botnia may be necessary though that will also take the Nordics closer to the Baltics which are strengthening links with Germany being slightly annoying to Denmark; however in the present state that have to be noted but considered not a threat to Denmark.
Norway along Finland see a possible threat in the approaches to Murmansk of a Soviet Naval build up which had been ongoing since 1933. This Northern Flotilla consists mainly of Destroyers and Submarines. The Submarines there as well in the Baltic makes it necessary to focus more on ASW means for the four Navies. These could well be lesser units with mainly underwater listening devices and deptcharges that wouldn't primarily be charged with surface combat except in the event of a surfacing Submarine.
Denmark being of the opinion that Fishery Inspection ships could well carry such underwater listening devices along deptcharges to supply their guns. It would be an inexpensive way of multi mission ships that is very appealing to the Danes and the Norwegians alike. The Finns is only about to field a few patrol boats/ships at Petsamo that may fill this role; the Finn Government ask the possibility of acquiring a number of Norwegian ships suitable to the task. Sweden with its arqipelago rocky coastline also see this approach feasiable though with other types of boats/ships as some of these waters are quite narrow and/or shallow.
Having reached decision on the issue the subject of using aircraft for Submarine hunting is discussed; aircraft have on occasion during manouevres been used to spot for submerged Submarines but it is agreed that such should be implemented in future excercises to get more experience on how to utilize aircraft at sea; perhaps reconnaisance planes already in use could be subjected to this role. Torpedo bombers had been acqired in all the nations either to outfit new units or for evaluation.
The appearance of the T-34 had been much unexpected and Bofors revealed a project of a recoilless anti-tank rifle to arm infantry squads with a light AT-weapon in addition to plans for a heavier anti-tank gun of 57mm to combat the new T-34. Experience from Manchouko have revealed that the 37mm guns as well as the Japanese 20mm antitank rifle type 97 which had just intered service in the nick of time in few numbers and already obsolete. There would definitely be a market for anti-tank guns in Japan and China.
Rhöm
Rhöm was in great mood; recalled to Germany for presenting an overview to the Army at Zossen-Wunsdorff of the Soviet – Chinese war in Sinkiang 1939 and if possible of the Soviet – Japanese War in Manchuria this year.
He was only still a colonel but even then General v. Rundstedt always wore his colonels uniform! Nothing to be ashamed off.
Walk proudly briskly into the Auditorium. How he enjoyed working on his presentation. He would even give a few hints of war in Gran Chaco as the areas had many similarities; not such as the German Army would encounter in Europe but to the East perhaps. The way things were developing, perhaps.
Tito
Tito had an unremarkable journey back to Yugoslavia; by way of several European cities he expected an unnoticed journey and entry.
Upon arriving in Belgrade he soon learned from contacts that the Serbs had cracked down hard on the Macedonians; even by local standards it had been ugly. However no link to the Communist Party had been detected which annoyed the Serbs but nothing to do about it.
As such Tito started rebuilding the Yugoslavian Communist Party to his liking.
The absence of a major fascist state in Europe made life somewhat difficult for the Communist Parties as the major opponent would then have to be the general Bourgoise Establishment; only Japan offered a fascist opponent at least in the view of the Sovietunion and thus automatically condemmed.
As Yugoslavia had little if anything to supply Japan at the time the Communist Parties turned to their favourite targets France and Britain which had begun supplying Japan with heavy artillery and tanks. Those weapons however were still in transit towards Japan so the obvious place for demonstrations was the dockyards where many a blockade would be set up by the local Communist Party and torn down by Police at times assisted by Military units.
By the end of the year still no heavy artillery or western tanks had reached Japan. It did however help Britain and France get rid of now obsolete and slow tanks inferiorly armed in the context of the T-34.
The only field in which Titos country could be targetted was the trade with Germany in cheap agricultural produce and minerals export. However even if the Socialdemocratic Party of Germany was viewed a Bourgouise adversary by Moscow to many Yugoslavians even his fellow Communists it had confronted the growing Nazi-party and brought Germany away from its old Imperial ways. The Yugoslavians themselves had defeated the Italian Fascists so what to fight?
For the time being Tito would keep a low profile and continue rebuilding his party for the eventual time of reckoning.