lordroel
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Post by lordroel on Mar 8, 2018 19:46:20 GMT
(62)October 1981: The clandestine work undertaken in Greece throughout 1981 and culminating in the subsequent upholding of election promises on foreign affairs by the winner of October’s election wasn’t that arduous for the KGB and the Bulgarian intelligence service which was the DS. The Greek people were ready to overwhelmingly elect the socialist PASOK party and Greece itself was willing to leave both the EEC and NATO too. Soviet and Bulgarian efforts to spread influential propaganda and then give accidents to some key opponents within PASOK against the party following such a line in foreign affairs when elected were all important but only to their respective agency heads who claimed credit after October 18th. Greece didn’t need the shove in the direction that it got. The effects of this foreign interference were minimal and even if they had been exposed, that wouldn’t have changed anything. Greece and its new leader in the form of incoming Prime Minister Papandreou were determined to get out of both institutions. There was a role for Greece to play in the world outside of the customs union which was the EEC and the American-dominated NATO. Papandreou was determined to take Greece into that brave new world and his people were willing to go along with it. Glowing reports to governments in Moscow and Sofia of the success achieved in shaping public opinion and removing troublesome people who posted obstacles were overstated in terms of their affect. Regardless, the spy chiefs patted themselves on the back and got praise from their political masters. Greece meanwhile did its own thing once PASOK won the election and started to form a new government. Papandreou publicly told both organisations of the intent for a Greek Withdrawal from each. His country had only formally joined the EEC back in January yet PASOK had opposed that then and campaigned on a removal of the country once they were in power. The trading bloc wasn’t one which suited Greece and there had already been disputes between the last government and Brussels when it came to financial aid for Greece. Being part of the EEC was a restriction on Greece’s economy, as far as PASOK saw it, and would only damage the country. The ideas for a transformation in Greek society with the national adoption of socialism when it came to wealth distribution weren’t compatible with the EEC either: Greece would leave before it was punished by Brussels for doing so in a humiliation which Greece wouldn’t want to see. When it came to NATO, Greece had been a member since the Fifties yet there had always been a rocky relationship with that organisation and Greece when the country was under various governments: PASOK and its predecessor movements of socialist parties had been opposed to NATO from the start. It was the Americans mainly which upset the Greek people. They had supported the Regime of the Colonels which had led Greece from ’67 to ’74. It was their interference which had brought about so much pain and humiliation on the Greek people. Talking of humiliation, what had NATO done right before the dictatorship ended? They had taken Turkey’s side when the Turks had invaded Cyprus! Turkey was always the enemy for Greece no matter what. The last government had removed Greece from NATO’s military command structure afterwards though PASOK had long argued that there should be a full withdrawal from NATO as a whole. Greece had re-joined the command arrangement only last year and soon enough been humiliated again when Turkey was favoured over Greece by the rest of NATO, especially the Americans. No more would the Greek people stand for this. NATO was seen as a hostile foreign domination with its interference in Greek affairs, the military bases on sovereign Greek soil and the support it always had for Turkey. Papandreou had been jailed during the dictatorship and was lucky to have not been killed: the senior CIA officer in Greece, who supported the Regime of the Colonels, had urged the dictatorship to do that but they hadn’t. Another American had saved his life and allowed for him to be exiled to Sweden before democracy returned to Greece. Papandreou knew America – he’d lived there – and knew that they weren’t the great evil as others might wish to portray them. Their interference in Greek affairs through NATO appeared to have no end in sight unless Greece left that organisation. The Turkish issue bothered him less than it did many of his people; what angered him about the Americans was how they tried to manage Greece’s foreign policy away from Europe and NATO. He had no delusions about the Soviet Union yet saw them just the same as the United States in how they wanted every country, Greece included among so many more, on their side or would deem that nation their enemy. Greece under Papandreou would do things differently. There were other countries around the world who Greece could work with. Greece First would come after Greek Withdrawal. These promised actions from the new government in Athens had affects elsewhere. The EEC and NATO each had warning of what was coming and efforts were tried to keep Greece in both. Those were to no avail. Even if Western intelligence agencies had tried double what the KGB and DS claimed as successes, they couldn’t have kept the country in those alliances. Knowing that Greece under Papandreou would do when they won gave some time to prepare. The EEC made sure that it was ready to formally begin the process of letting Greece go once Athens made that official and support for a united front approach was made across Western Europe. Greece would get no special favours and in their leaving, they would do little damage to the EEC apart from prestige. NATO tried a similar approach. Greece was warned of the dangers of being outside of the defensive alliance in public; in private NATO leaders made preparations for that withdrawal as well as working to keep the rest of the member states of the alliance committed to mutual defence. What NATO failed to do though was to reassure the Spanish that NATO wasn’t an organisation soon to fail and therefore not one which Spain should join. The Spanish were due to sign articles of accession to NATO in the New Year so they could formally enter the alliance in mid-1982. This was all part of the follow-up to Spain’s transition to democracy after the demise of Franco where they would join international organisations such as NATO first and then the EEC in the coming years. Opposition to both, especially NATO, was strong in Spain though. The country’s centre-right government looked likely to lose next year’s election to either the socialists directly or a coalition of socialists and communists. The intention by the government had been to join NATO regardless of that public opposition because they believed it could be shaped after joining. That election had yet to be lost, maybe it could be won… The Spanish watched as NATO argued with Europe on one side and the United States on the other. The Greek situation before the election there was monitored as well. In Madrid, the ruling UCD was a coalition rather than a lone party and from within there came fears of what the socialists in the PSOE – let alone the communists! – would do once in power. Maybe if Spain didn’t join NATO at this time, the UCD could stay in office? There was a public wait until the situation in Greece turned out like it did yet the decision was made beforehand in private. A week after the Greek election, Spain informed NATO that Spain entry into NATO was being postponed. Not cancelled, just delayed for the time being. Greece was out of NATO and Spain wasn’t coming in: the postponement from Madrid was cancellation no matter what was said. Wow so Spain not joining and Greece out of NATO, i can see one country happy that Greece is out and that would be Turkey.
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James G
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Post by James G on Mar 8, 2018 19:50:54 GMT
Both events were taken from RL though modified here in the story. Greece did elect a government promising to do this with NATO. Spain was joining at that time when faced with strong internal opposition to NATO. I just crashed both events, plus the US-European arguments in NATO, together. Turkey will be happy, yes. Then later, once they start to see the danger that brings them from not having a friend-enemy next door, but a true neutral, then they might not be so happy. Who else are Turkey's neighbours? The Soviets, Bulgaria, Iran, Iraq and Syria. The four others all being Soviet allies. In the long-run, Turkey will end up in a bad situation.
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lordroel
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Post by lordroel on Mar 8, 2018 19:53:47 GMT
Both events were taken from RL though modified here in the story. Greece did elect a government promising to do this with NATO. Spain was joining at that time when faced with strong internal opposition to NATO. I just crashed both events, plus the US-European arguments in NATO, together. Turkey will be happy, yes. Then later, once they start to see the danger that brings them from not having a friend-enemy next door, but a true neutral, then they might not be so happy. Who else are Turkey's neighbours? The Soviets, Bulgaria, Iran, Iraq and Syria. The four others all being Soviet allies. In the long-run, Turkey will end up in a bad situation. So Turkey has to take measures to be prepared if they are able.
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James G
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Post by James G on Mar 8, 2018 20:01:08 GMT
Both events were taken from RL though modified here in the story. Greece did elect a government promising to do this with NATO. Spain was joining at that time when faced with strong internal opposition to NATO. I just crashed both events, plus the US-European arguments in NATO, together. Turkey will be happy, yes. Then later, once they start to see the danger that brings them from not having a friend-enemy next door, but a true neutral, then they might not be so happy. Who else are Turkey's neighbours? The Soviets, Bulgaria, Iran, Iraq and Syria. The four others all being Soviet allies. In the long-run, Turkey will end up in a bad situation. So Turkey has to take measures to be prepared if they are able. They will. Well... the military will want to, the civilian government won't agree and so the military will take over and prepare to defend the Turkish state. There's a president in Washington who won't like that though. Another military dictatorship killing its own people!? Mister Kennedy will not be best pleased. That is for 1982 though.
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lordroel
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Post by lordroel on Mar 8, 2018 20:05:51 GMT
So Turkey has to take measures to be prepared if they are able. They will. Well... the military will want to, the civilian government won't agree and so the military will take over and prepare to defend the Turkish state. There's a president in Washington who won't like that though. Another military dictatorship killing its own people!? Mister Kennedy will not be best pleased. That is for 1982 though. So regarding Spain, will it stay a United States ally ore will it go fully neutral.
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James G
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Post by James G on Mar 8, 2018 20:13:31 GMT
They will. Well... the military will want to, the civilian government won't agree and so the military will take over and prepare to defend the Turkish state. There's a president in Washington who won't like that though. Another military dictatorship killing its own people!? Mister Kennedy will not be best pleased. That is for 1982 though. So regarding Spain, will it stay a United States ally ore will it go fully neutral. I'm still considering that. Spain is a player in WW3 when it comes in late 84 so that for now is something I am unsure on. There are US forces in Spain which in RL and here in the story that Spain will ask for them to leave but other military bases - such as Rota on the Gibraltar Straits - will stay active. As said, it all needs detailed planning beyond my sketching of events.
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Post by lukedalton on Mar 8, 2018 21:02:38 GMT
Ok, Papandreu it's the usual charismatic idiot but except a big facepalm the rest of the continent and the USA will simply wait the new goverment to reverse the decision, the shit will hit the fan quickly, at least economically speaking as any other financial partner will demand further (costly) assurance for any economical and political agreement...basically you don't get out of a multinational economical treaty after a couple of months without repercussion on your international credibility (expecially if who you had just irritated are your biggest economic patner). At least the French will be happy as they were not really too keen to let them in, as they considered them not ready. Spain, formally becoming a member of NATO or not doubt will remain neutral, at minimum she will remain very pro-western in his neutrality, plus everyone in Spain want to enter in the EEC regardless of the party (it was waited till 1986 due to size of Spain economy, her being not advanced as the rest of the EEC and the complication regarding the Common agricoltural policy).
On the european side, the EEC will want to answer at the Greece 'defection' to show that the european project is still on, sure Athens decision will not have that great pratical consequences, still from a PR pow, it's important.
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stevep
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Post by stevep on Mar 8, 2018 21:02:58 GMT
Of course with Greece out of NATO and Turkey still in it who does Athens think the organisation will support in the event of future clashes?
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Post by lukedalton on Mar 8, 2018 21:08:44 GMT
Of course with Greece out of NATO and Turkey still in it who does Athens think the organisation will support in the event of future clashes? Papandreu while being one of the most influential and important political figure in Greece, was not the smartest regarding thing outside his 'garden'
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lordroel
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Post by lordroel on Mar 9, 2018 11:00:42 GMT
Of course with Greece out of NATO and Turkey still in it who does Athens think the organisation will support in the event of future clashes? Papandreu while being one of the most influential and important political figure in Greece, was not the smartest regarding thing outside his 'garden' Wonder if a Pro-NATO coup could happen, i guess some of the Greece armed forces officers will be scared that Greece now has no alliance to back them both against Turkey but also communism and the Soviet Union.
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Post by lukedalton on Mar 9, 2018 15:22:19 GMT
Papandreu while being one of the most influential and important political figure in Greece, was not the smartest regarding thing outside his 'garden' Wonder if a Pro-NATO coup could happen, i guess some of the Greece armed forces officers will be scared that Greece now has no alliance to back them both against Turkey but also communism and the Soviet Union. It's a case that anyone in America and Europe will try to avoid; it will be a PR nightmare of epic proportion and everybody knows that a goverment born from a coup cannot be accepted in the alliance, agree or disagree Papandreu goverment has been freely elected. Said that i doubt that getting out of NATO and EEC will have made PASOK a lot of friends in the military and the business community, after the initial afterglow of nationalism had worn off and reality had took her place, expecially the first time things get 'complicated' in the Cyprus and Aegean disputes
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James G
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Post by James G on Mar 9, 2018 15:49:32 GMT
Greece's new government thinks they have all the answers. They will face some hard times ahead of them. As to a counter-coup in Greece, that isn't in my planning but it's an idea which I will think about. Such a thing wouldn't bring Greece back into neither the EEC nor NATO though. The damage in the long run to the EEC from this won't be that big but it will sting NATO hard.
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James G
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Post by James G on Mar 9, 2018 15:50:07 GMT
(63)
November 1981:
Saddam learnt how important he was to Andropov and that wasn’t very much overall. The Soviets showed him how little they cared for Iraq when their own interests were affected: Moscow’s interests were paramount first and foremost. Iraq’s dictator was surprised by this. He shouldn’t have been yet he really was. Alas, it you lie down with a snake, you should expect to get bitten. Everyone else understood that. Saddam had thought he was special but he wasn’t. Once his swallowing up of Kuwait was complete and the former country returned to its rightful place as part of Iraq, Saddam sought to restore relations which had been cut with the West during the summer; relations with his fellow Arabs would be addressed afterwards. He found that Western Europe, parts of Asia and the United States all refused to buy Iraqi oil again until Kuwait was vacated by Iraqi troops and the Emir restored to his throne. They were united on this too. Saddam took that as an opening bargaining position for he knew they wanted Iraqi (and Kuwaiti) oil because they were dependent upon it. It turned out that both his beliefs there were false. He wouldn’t give up Kuwait and the West wouldn’t buy his oil. He went running to the Soviets. Do something about this, he told Primakov, make them buy our oil again. His Soviet contact asked him how Saddam wanted the Soviet Union to do such a thing. Force them, Saddam said; he was asked how Moscow was supposed to do that. Even France didn’t want Iraqi oil anymore and made the switch elsewhere like everyone else was doing. It had been an article of faith as far as Saddam was concerned that the weak and divided West would come around to recognising his control over Kuwait and come running back to their favourite oil supplier. How wrong he had been. Without oil revenue, Iraq was going to be in a difficult situation in the long run. That money paid for so much that Saddam needed to keep Iraq prosperous and (relatively) free from internal troubles. What was he going to do without it? The gold stolen from Kuwait could only be spent once. Then he found out afterwards that it was from the Soviets, his friends and ally who had helped persuade him to go to war, that many in the West were now buying their oil from if it wasn’t from the Saudis or other OPEC countries (Iraq ended up suspended from that organisation too). They’d stole his customers.
The Soviets then really turned on him come November. A formal request was made from Tehran that the Iranian People’s Democratic Republic wished for the removal of foreign troops from its sovereign soil. Like the Soviets, the Iraqis were inside Iran: Iran politely asked both nations to pull out their forces. The Soviets had fought alongside the Iranians across the Zagros Mountains through the summer and defeated the last of the rebel strongholds there. The Iranians were up on their feet and behaving like good communists, subservient to Moscow too. The request was followed by an acceptance by the Soviets where they openly announced that their 4th & 32nd Armies would be leaving Iran in a staged withdrawal through 1982… certain Soviet bases – joint facilities supposedly – would remain established on Iranian soil though. Saddam queried the request first with Tehran where he said that Iraq’s position was that Iran wasn’t in a secure enough internal situation and therefore Iraqi troops should remain to help secure the peace. The Iranians reaffirmed their request though this time phrased it in the manner of a demand. Saddam questioned this with Moscow: just who did the Iranians think that they were? The response came that Iran was a firm Soviet ally. Saddam had plans for the areas of Iran under Iraqi control, plans to make them part of Iraq. He informed both Moscow and Tehran than in the areas under Iraqi control, there was a will of the people there to remain under Iraqi control. That didn’t fly in neither the Soviet nor Iranian capitals. Both governments knew what Saddam wanted and neither was willing to see that occur. Saddam was paid a visit by Gromyko, not Primakov. Leave Iran starting in January, he was told by the Soviet foreign minister, while at the same time his military chiefs told him that outside Iraqi occupation areas there was the movement of Soviet troops elsewhere in Iran into what looked like attack positions. Saddam would have liked to have stood firm. He plotted and planned. The Iranians under Iraqi control could vote to become part of Iraq. He could work with other countries – but who? – to check Soviet pressure. He could offer the Soviets military bases. He could… There was nothing that would work though. Saddam couldn’t see anyway short of fighting the Soviet Union where he could keep what he had in Iran. There was no solution to be found. He gave in, bitterly and swearing revenge, but still folded in the face of the realisation that this wasn’t a fight which he could win. Iraqi forces would start leaving Iran in January. Before then though, anything left of value which had already not been removed from Iran would be taken now.
Elsewhere in the world, the reaction from the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait continued. Oil prices had stabilised somewhat though still remained higher than they had been beforehand. There were armies in the desert and more on their way there. A huge military stand-off was occurring and the threat of a bigger war was still there. Worries were present that Iraq was soon to go to war with the Saudis and the Gulf Arab Monarchies – diplomatic tensions with Iran and the Soviets were not known publicly – in the end. Those countries had their troops in the Saudi desert and then there was the movement of Egyptian troops across the Red Sea and into Saudi Arabia too. It was a defensive measure, the world was told, as one Arab nation helped out another. Questions were asked by outsiders over the attitude of Israel to this. What did they think of the Egyptian Army moving like this? From Tel Aviv, there came only silence. Israel had nothing to say in public about this matter, nothing at all in fact. It was clear that they did have an opinion but it wasn’t one which they wished to share with the rest of the world. That opinion was that they were happy to see it. Saddam was just as much a threat to Israel as he was to his Arab neighbours. If they wanted to work together to oppose him, Israel wasn’t about to object. Pakistan’s ruling generals also gave their nod of approval to that Egyptian move plus the Gulf Arab Monarchies working with the Saudis too. Pakistani officially-sanctioned mercenaries were soon numbering in the (low) thousands within the army of the United Arab Emirates, an army which was up near the Kuwaiti border. The Arabs and their friends in Pakistan were all working together to defend Saudi Arabia because the belief among them was that Saddam would be sending his tanks southwards. He wasn’t yet they didn’t know that.
The oil crisis over the summer had brought those market reactions yet also political developments. The Americans – who hadn’t been buying neither Iraqi nor Kuwaiti oil – started to look at a deal with Mexico alongside further expansion of domestic sources. The Mexican oil industry was booming and there was growth to be had at home too. Kennedy was more welcoming to such a future for American energy needs rather than seeing domestic economic problems brought about by such issues as one Arab dictatorship threatening to fight another (his view on the Saudis had hardened due to their ongoing diplomatic behaviour and how their lobbyists had worked with his opponents in Congress) therefore hurting American consumers. France and Italy bought some Soviet oil when they cut off Iraq though were also looking elsewhere in the world, to non-OPEC nations especially for France which had no wish to be beholden to such a dysfunctional organisation. Britain and Norway started to plan for further expansion of production of North Sea oil. The West Germans government, led by an embattled Chancellor Schmidt, speculated about further nuclear power enhancements at home; that was the same across in Japan too. The 1981 Oil Crisis, followed on the back of those in ’73 then ’79, was changing thinking across the West. Maybe there might not be concrete results in the end, but oil from the Middle East had once again shown how unreliable and troublesome it was. There had to be something better than that.
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lordroel
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Post by lordroel on Mar 9, 2018 16:20:32 GMT
(63)November 1981: Saddam learnt how important he was to Andropov and that wasn’t very much overall. The Soviets showed him how little they cared for Iraq when their own interests were affected: Moscow’s interests were paramount first and foremost. Iraq’s dictator was surprised by this. He shouldn’t have been yet he really was. Alas, it you lie down with a snake, you should expect to get bitten. Everyone else understood that. Saddam had thought he was special but he wasn’t. Once his swallowing up of Kuwait was complete and the former country returned to its rightful place as part of Iraq, Saddam sought to restore relations which had been cut with the West during the summer; relations with his fellow Arabs would be addressed afterwards. He found that Western Europe, parts of Asia and the United States all refused to buy Iraqi oil again until Kuwait was vacated by Iraqi troops and the Emir restored to his throne. They were united on this too. Saddam took that as an opening bargaining position for he knew they wanted Iraqi (and Kuwaiti) oil because they were dependent upon it. It turned out that both his beliefs there were false. He wouldn’t give up Kuwait and the West wouldn’t buy his oil. He went running to the Soviets. Do something about this, he told Primakov, make them buy our oil again. His Soviet contact asked him how Saddam wanted the Soviet Union to do such a thing. Force them, Saddam said; he was asked how Moscow was supposed to do that. Even France didn’t want Iraqi oil anymore and made the switch elsewhere like everyone else was doing. It had been an article of faith as far as Saddam was concerned that the weak and divided West would come around to recognising his control over Kuwait and come running back to their favourite oil supplier. How wrong he had been. Without oil revenue, Iraq was going to be in a difficult situation in the long run. That money paid for so much that Saddam needed to keep Iraq prosperous and (relatively) free from internal troubles. What was he going to do without it? The gold stolen from Kuwait could only be spent once. Then he found out afterwards that it was from the Soviets, his friends and ally who had helped persuade him to go to war, that many in the West were now buying their oil from if it wasn’t from the Saudis or other OPEC countries (Iraq ended up suspended from that organisation too). They’d stole his customers. The Soviets then really turned on him come November. A formal request was made from Tehran that the Iranian People’s Democratic Republic wished for the removal of foreign troops from its sovereign soil. Like the Soviets, the Iraqis were inside Iran: Iran politely asked both nations to pull out their forces. The Soviets had fought alongside the Iranians across the Zagros Mountains through the summer and defeated the last of the rebel strongholds there. The Iranians were up on their feet and behaving like good communists, subservient to Moscow too. The request was followed by an acceptance by the Soviets where they openly announced that their 4th & 32nd Armies would be leaving Iran in a staged withdrawal through 1982… certain Soviet bases – joint facilities supposedly – would remain established on Iranian soil though. Saddam queried the request first with Tehran where he said that Iraq’s position was that Iran wasn’t in a secure enough internal situation and therefore Iraqi troops should remain to help secure the peace. The Iranians reaffirmed their request though this time phrased it in the manner of a demand. Saddam questioned this with Moscow: just who did the Iranians think that they were? The response came that Iran was a firm Soviet ally. Saddam had plans for the areas of Iran under Iraqi control, plans to make them part of Iraq. He informed both Moscow and Tehran than in the areas under Iraqi control, there was a will of the people there to remain under Iraqi control. That didn’t fly in neither the Soviet nor Iranian capitals. Both governments knew what Saddam wanted and neither was willing to see that occur. Saddam was paid a visit by Gromyko, not Primakov. Leave Iran starting in January, he was told by the Soviet foreign minister, while at the same time his military chiefs told him that outside Iraqi occupation areas there was the movement of Soviet troops elsewhere in Iran into what looked like attack positions. Saddam would have liked to have stood firm. He plotted and planned. The Iranians under Iraqi control could vote to become part of Iraq. He could work with other countries – but who? – to check Soviet pressure. He could offer the Soviets military bases. He could… There was nothing that would work though. Saddam couldn’t see anyway short of fighting the Soviet Union where he could keep what he had in Iran. There was no solution to be found. He gave in, bitterly and swearing revenge, but still folded in the face of the realisation that this wasn’t a fight which he could win. Iraqi forces would start leaving Iran in January. Before then though, anything left of value which had already not been removed from Iran would be taken now. Elsewhere in the world, the reaction from the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait continued. Oil prices had stabilised somewhat though still remained higher than they had been beforehand. There were armies in the desert and more on their way there. A huge military stand-off was occurring and the threat of a bigger war was still there. Worries were present that Iraq was soon to go to war with the Saudis and the Gulf Arab Monarchies – diplomatic tensions with Iran and the Soviets were not known publicly – in the end. Those countries had their troops in the Saudi desert and then there was the movement of Egyptian troops across the Red Sea and into Saudi Arabia too. It was a defensive measure, the world was told, as one Arab nation helped out another. Questions were asked by outsiders over the attitude of Israel to this. What did they think of the Egyptian Army moving like this? From Tel Aviv, there came only silence. Israel had nothing to say in public about this matter, nothing at all in fact. It was clear that they did have an opinion but it wasn’t one which they wished to share with the rest of the world. That opinion was that they were happy to see it. Saddam was just as much a threat to Israel as he was to his Arab neighbours. If they wanted to work together to oppose him, Israel wasn’t about to object. Pakistan’s ruling generals also gave their nod of approval to that Egyptian move plus the Gulf Arab Monarchies working with the Saudis too. Pakistani officially-sanctioned mercenaries were soon numbering in the (low) thousands within the army of the United Arab Emirates, an army which was up near the Kuwaiti border. The Arabs and their friends in Pakistan were all working together to defend Saudi Arabia because the belief among them was that Saddam would be sending his tanks southwards. He wasn’t yet they didn’t know that. The oil crisis over the summer had brought those market reactions yet also political developments. The Americans – who hadn’t been buying neither Iraqi nor Kuwaiti oil – started to look at a deal with Mexico alongside further expansion of domestic sources. The Mexican oil industry was booming and there was growth to be had at home too. Kennedy was more welcoming to such a future for American energy needs rather than seeing domestic economic problems brought about by such issues as one Arab dictatorship threatening to fight another (his view on the Saudis had hardened due to their ongoing diplomatic behaviour and how their lobbyists had worked with his opponents in Congress) therefore hurting American consumers. France and Italy bought some Soviet oil when they cut off Iraq though were also looking elsewhere in the world, to non-OPEC nations especially for France which had no wish to be beholden to such a dysfunctional organisation. Britain and Norway started to plan for further expansion of production of North Sea oil. The West Germans government, led by an embattled Chancellor Schmidt, speculated about further nuclear power enhancements at home; that was the same across in Japan too. The 1981 Oil Crisis, followed on the back of those in ’73 then ’79, was changing thinking across the West. Maybe there might not be concrete results in the end, but oil from the Middle East had once again shown how unreliable and troublesome it was. There had to be something better than that. So a Saudi-Egypt alliance it seems like.
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James G
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Post by James G on Mar 9, 2018 16:27:06 GMT
As suggested by readers, yes. The Saudis will get their line in the sand though Saddam isn't coming south.
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